1. UNIT º ESO
A PERFECT WORLD

2. VOCABULARY 1 POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
BORDER
HEAD OF STATE
CITIZEN
LAW
COALITION
MINISTER
COUNTRY
MONARCHY
CURRENCY
PARTY
ELECTION
POLITICIAN
FLAG
REPUBLIC
GOVERNMENT
SOCIETY

3. VOCABULARY 2 POLICIES ALLOW INTRODUCE BAN LOWER BUILD RAISE CUT SPEND
ELECT
TAX
FUND
VOTE

4. MAKE / LET / BE ALLOWED TO
MAKE SOMEONE DO SOMETHING
LET SOMEONE DO SOMETHING
BE ALLOWED TO DO SOMETHING

5. MAKE / LET / BE ALLOWED TO
MAKE SOMEONE DO SOMETHING
To oblige or force someone to do something
My mother makes me eat broccoli every week
she doesn’t make me eat chips!
LET SOMEONE DO SOMETHING
to permit someone to do something
My father lets me take his car during the week but he doesn’t let me it during the weekends
BE ALLOWED TO DO SOMETHING
To have permission to do something
We are allowed to wear piercings in the school but we are not alowed to bring the mobile phone

6. Conditional sentences

8. Conditional sentences
They are composed by two parts
1. Expresses the condition (IF CLAUSE)
If you climb up that tree
2. Expresses the consequences
….you will fall
There are 3 main types of conditional patterns
I. PROBABLE condition
II. IMPROBABLE condition
III. IMAGINARY condition

9. IF + Present simple / / Subject + ‘ll / will / won’t + Infinitive
FIRST CONDITIONAL IF
WHEN
UNLESS
AS SOON AS
Probable condition
Probability 90%
Remember they are composed by two parts
If clause ( condition)
Consequence
First conditional structure
IF + Present simple / / Subject + ‘ll / will / won’t + Infinitive

10. IF + Present simple / / Subject + ‘ll / will / won’t + Infinitive
If you study hard you will pass your exams The order can be changed and it can be used in a positive and negative way You will pass if you study hard If you don’t study hard you won’t pass You won’t pass if you don’t study hard
Remember that we never use the future in the IF CLAUSE

11. USES
First conditional are used to talk about future actions and their consequences
If you don’t go to the party you won’t meet Paul
But it can be also used to give warnings
If she smokes she will feel sick
You can use MAY / MIGHT / COULD / CAN instead of WILL
If she comes she could meet Paul
You can use WHEN / AS SOON AS / UNLESS instead of IF

12. WHEN / AS SOON AS / UNLESS
If it doesn’t rain I will go to the beach
When it doesn’t rain I will go to the beach
AS SOON AS
My mother will make dinner as soon as she arrives home
UNLESS
It means “IF NOT” and it is ALWAYS used with a positive verb
Unless you practise you won’t win a medal

13. FIRST CONDITIONAL If the weather is nice, we will go for a walk.
If you don’t apologize, she will never trust you again.
If clause: PRESENT SIMPLE
Main clause: FUTURE SIMPLE
The first conditional refers to the present and future It expresses a possible condition and its probable result in the future.

14. IF + Past simple / / Subject + ‘d / would / wouldn’t + Infinitive
SECOND CONDITIONAL
Improbable condition
Probability 10%
Remember they are composed by two parts
If clause ( condition)
Consequence
Second conditional structure
IF + Past simple / / Subject + ‘d / would / wouldn’t + Infinitive

15. Remember that we never use the futurWOULD in the IF CLAUSE
IF + Past simple / / Subject + ‘d / would / wouldn’t + Infinitive
If you spoke French we would travel to Paris The order can be changed and it can be used in a positive and negative way We would travel to Paris if you spoke French If you didn’t speak French we wouldn’t travel to Paris We wouldn’t travel to Paris if you didn’t speak French
Remember that we never use the futurWOULD in the IF CLAUSE

16. If I were you I wouldn’t do that
If I were a boy I would turn off my phone
If I were a rich man …
If Peter were a wealthy man he wouldn't have to work hard
In this kind of sentences you can use either WAS or WERE (WAS is more colloquial)

17. USES
Second conditional is used to talk about the consequences of an imaginary or hypothetical situation in the present or in the future (Impossible/improbable situation)
If I had a lot of money I would buy myself a yatch
What would you buy f you had a million euros?...
But it can be also used to give advices
If I were you I wouldn’t smoke so much

18. If I had a lot of money, I would buy a big house.
SECOND CONDITIONAL
Jack wants to buy a house but he can’t do this because he doesn’t have any money.
If I had a lot of money, I would buy a big house.

19. If I knew his number, I would phone him.
SECOND CONDITIONAL
Susan wants to phone Paul but she can’t do this because she doesn’t know his number.
If I knew his number, I would phone him.

20. SECOND CONDITIONAL If I had a lot of money, I would buy a big house.
If I knew his number, I would phone him.
if-clause: PAST TENSE SIMPLE
main clause: PRESENT CONDITIONAL would + infinitive
The second conditional refers to the present and future.
It expresses an unreal situation and its probable result.
The situation or condition is improbable, impossible,
imaginary, or contrary to known facts.

21. FIRST v. SECOND CONDITIONAL
If John runs fast, he will win the race.
This is still possible to happen.
If John ran fast, he would win the race.
This is unlikely to happen because John doesn’t run fast.
THE DIFFERENCE: FIRST and SECOND CONDITIONAL
Both conditionals refer to the present and future. The difference is about probability, not time.
First conditional: real and possible situations
Second conditional: unlikely to happen

22. THIRD CONDITIONAL Imaginary condition Probability 0%
Remember they are composed by two parts
If clause ( condition)
Consequence
Third conditional structure
IF + Past perfect/ / Subject + ‘d / would / wouldn’t have + past perfect

23. If I had had a lot of money, I would have bought a big house.
THIRD CONDITIONAL
Jack wanted to buy a house last year but he couldn’t do that because he didn’t have any money.
If I had had a lot of money, I would have bought a big house.

24. If I had known his number, I would have phoned him.
THIRD CONDITIONAL
Yesterday, Susan wanted to phone Paul but she couldn’t do that because she didn’t know his number.
If I had known his number, I would have phoned him.

25. THIRD CONDITIONAL The third conditional refers to the past and
If I had had a lot of money, I would have bought a big house.
If I had known his number, I would have phoned him.
if-clause: PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
main clause: PAST CONDITIONAL would + have + past participle
The third conditional refers to the past and
it is not based on facts. It expresses the a situation
which is contrary to reality in the past.

26. SECOND v. THIRD CONDITIONAL
If I saw a car accident, I would call an ambulance.
But I don’t see an accident now. This is unlikely to happen.
If I had seen a car accident, I would have called an ambulance.
But I didn’t see an accident yesterday. This is contrary to the fact in the past.
THE DIFFERENCE: SECOND and THIRD CONDITIONAL
The difference is about time.
Second conditional: refers to the present and future Third conditional: refers to the past situations

27. ACTIVITIES

28. Test Examples
If you ask him, he ___________ (take) you to the airport.
The view was wonderful. If I ______________(have) a camera with me, I would have taken some photographs.
You know that I can’t afford this ring. If I earned more, I ________________(buy) you the whole world.
It’s a pity I didn’t go to Spain last summer. If I had gone there, I ____________________ (have) a chance to use my Spanish.
If I were you, I ______________ (take) your neighbour to court.

29. Test Examples If you ask him, he will take you to the airport.
The view was wonderful. If I had had a camera with me, I would have taken some photographs.
You know that I can’t afford this ring. If I earned more, I would buy you the whole world.
It’s a pity I didn’t go to Spain last summer. If I had gone there, I would have had a chance to use my Spanish.
If I were you, I would take your neighbour to court.

30. Do Now: Finish each of these sentences.
When you arrive late to school…
you have to go to the office.
If it doesn´t stop raining before CAS…
we will play volleyball inside.
If Moni were taller…
she would ride on the rollercoaster.
If it hadn´t been so cold yesterday…
I would have gone to the game.

31. Conjugate the verb in parentheses
If she had studied, she ____ (pass) the exam.
If she had studied, she would have passed the exam.

32. Conjugate the verb in parentheses
If I hadn't eaten so much, I ____ (feel) sick last night.
If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn’t have felt sick last night.

33. Conjugate the verb in parentheses
She wouldn't have been tired if she ____ (go) to bed earlier.
She wouldn’t have been tired if she had gone to bed earlier.

34. Conjugate the verb in parentheses
She _____ (become) a teacher if she had gone to university.
She would have become a teacher if she had gone to university.

35. Conjugate the verb in parentheses
He would have been on time for the interview if he _____ (leave) the house at nine.
He would have been on time for the interview if he had left the house at nine.

36. Practice
Directions: Write a dialogue for an argument between two people (based on the card you draw).
Include at least five examples each (ten total) of the third conditional.
Include at least two vocabulary words from the board.
Your argument must have some sort of resolution.

37. Mixed Conditional Practice
She wouldn’t need a visa to work here if she __________________ (be) born in Europe.
She wouldn’t need a visa to work here if she had been born in Europe.

38. Mixed Conditional Practice
Sam would have translated the letter for you if he ______________ (speak) Russian.
Sam would have translated the letter for you if he spoke Russian.

39. Complete sentences with the appropriate conditional form
It’ll be quicker if we …….. a taxi to the airport. (get)
If the company stopped advertising online it ……. (have) higher operating costs.
I think he’d be happier if he …..(not live) alone.
The managing director wouldn’t have fired so many of his employees if they …….. (relocate) earlier.
We don’t start if all the students ……..(talk)
I’ll be very surprised if Maria ….(not get) the job that was advertised here last week.
If you cross an international date line, the time…..(change).
If the entrepreneur hadn’t taken so many risks, the company ……….(not close down).
All the goods would have sold out If we ……….. (drop) the prices a little.
If I ……… (pass) all my exams I would be working by now.
If I ………(to be) you, I’d leave it until tomorrow.

40. KEY It’ll be quicker if we get a taxi to the airport.
If the company stopped advertising online, it would have higher operating costs.
I think he’d be happier, if he didn’t live alone.
The managing director wouldn’t have fired many of his employees if they had relocated earlier.
We don’t start if all the students are talking.
I’ll be very surprised if Maria doesn’t get the job that was advertised here last week.
If you cross an international date line, the time changes.
If the entrepreneur hadn’t taken so many risks, the company wouldn’t have closed down.
All the goods would have sold out, If we had dropped the prices a little.
If I had passed all my exams, I would be working by now. (mixed cond)
If I were you, I’d leave it until tomorrow.