1. Start of Trans Siberian Railway
Duma recap:
Vyborg assembly
October Manifesto
Fourth Duma
Russo Japanese war
Start of Trans Siberian Railway

2. Key groups / figures? Stolypin
Group who want a violent worker led revolution, led by a small group of leaders
Witte
Leader of the Menshevik party
Trudoviks
Member of the Menshevik party
Mensheviks
Radical party, mostly socialist revolutionaries.
Bolsheviks
Prime minister 1906 – 11 passes fundamental laws
Socialist Revolutionaries
Group who want a violent worker led revolution, led by a large group
Martov
Leader of the Bolsheviks
Lenin
Prime minister in the last Duma
Trotsky
Prime minister who introduces the Oct Manifesto
Rodzianko
Radical party who want to overthrow the Tsar in a peasant led revolution

3. The Dumas – A recap: Did they succeed in reducing opposition?
When
Majority party (s)
Powers
Success’
Reasons for failure
First
Apr 1906 – June 1906
Kadets – 182
Trudoviks / Labourists (SR) 136
Elected lower house with appointed upper house (by Tsar). Second chamber has VETO over the lower.
Few – No capital punishment and Famine relief. Fundamental laws meant any power taken by Tsar already, bitter meetings from the start
The majority parties represented reformers, but had no chance to reform under the system. Led to Vyborg assembly + total failure / repression.
Second
Feb – June 1907
Trudoviks/ Labourists – 104
Kadets – 94
National parties- 93
Same powers, but the Kadets lost their seats due to the Vyborg assembly, replaced by SDs and SRs so more radical
Lots of disagreement on land policy and the armed forces. Disagreement between the radical parties now in the Duma
Radical parties disagreed with each other and the right wing parties. Stolypin strong leader / Tsar dissolved assembly.
Third
Nov 1907 – June 1912
Octobrists – 154
Rightists – 147
Vote only for propertied classes – nothing for peasants and working class, led to much more right-wing Duma with support for the Tsar.
Stolypin land reforms - JPs, proposals for armed forces modernisation, national insurance system for poor, Plan for universal primary eduction.
Did not fail – lasted full term, but only because of repression of the left wing elements and doctoring of franchise.
Fourth
Nov 1912 – August 1914
Rightists – 154
Octobrists – 95
Same as previous Duma – some powers to question ministers and committee system to pass some laws but ultimately restricted by the Tsar
Continuation of social work and some criticism of government
War.

4. The Dumas:
Most democratic
Least democratic

5. The Dumas:
Got the most done
Most useless

6. The Dumas:
Most radical
Least radical

7. Repression: Stolypin’s necktie – 2 minute research
What is the necktie a metaphor for?
How many were a victim of it?
Why were people victims?
What effect did it have on opposition?

8. Stolypin, reform…Agriculture: What does he propose, how would it change things?

9. What does this description of Stolypin suggest about his role?
He is of course a contradictory figure. He is most know to us as the author of agricultural reform which could have made him “a potential saviour of Tsarism” (Hite). In his own words “give me twenty years of peace at home and abroad, and you will not recognise Russia.”  Yet at the same time economic reform was coupled with political repression. He set up a system of field court-martials to deal with serious anti-government crimes. All cases were conducted in two days, and without a defence counsel. The death penulty could not be commuted, and was carried out the next day. Chris Read estimates that thousands died this way, year after year. Indeed, the gallow’s noose became known as the “Stolypin’s necktie”
the-empire/

10. Stolypin: An assessment
He helped to stabilize Russia
He continued to undermine the Tsars