1. 23 Forging an Industrial Society

2. Agriculture & Industry

3. Agriculture & Industry

4. Agriculture & Industry
Though the US was moving away from ag, it was greatly increasing in the fertile West with better technology

5. The Economies of South and West
Mississippi sharecroppers, 1908 

6. Changes today?

7. The Economies of South and West

8. The Economies of South and West

9. Rule and Misrule in the Cities

10. Rule and Misrule in the Cities

11. Rule and Misrule in the Cities
Political machines could become corrupt, but they also helped the poor to have some political representation and answers to their needs

12. Discuss
Did political machines’ good outweigh their bad? Were political machines and their corruption avoidable, or a part of the industrialization and capitalization of the US?

13. Integration and Segmentation
Pemberton Square was site of the The Horace Mann School, the first school for the deaf to be incorporated as part of any regular city public school when it opened in November of 1869.  This photograph, taken in 1871 (courtesy of the Library of Congress) shows "Alexander Graham Bell, teacher of teachers, seated on top step with Rev. Dexter King, founder of the school, and Dr. Ira Allen, chairman of the school committee, three steps down are teachers Annie M. Bond, Sarah Fuller, Ellen L. Barton, and Mary H. True, students are seated on the steps and standing on the sidewalk at entrance to the Pemberton Square School (Boston School for the Deaf)"  Perhaps it was the school's proximity to Scollay Square that generated Bell's interest in renting space on the upper floor of a building on Sudbury Street where, in 1875, he and Thomas Watson would first hear the sound of a human voice through the device they would develop into the first working telephone.

14. Integration and Segmentation
Life was changing, becoming more global, because of transportation and communication innovations.

15. Railroads

16. Railroads

17. Railroads RR changed the face and the functioning of the US
It set the model for large-scale manufacturing and corporations in the US
Granger Laws  Munn v. Illinois (1877)  Wabash v. Illinois (1885)  Interstate Commerce Act and Commission, 1887

18. Industry & Technology

19. Industry & Technology

20. Industry & Technology
The growth of corporations encouraged inventions and technological growth,
It also changed the workplace and worker’s experience, both negatively and positively

21. The Jim Crow South

22. The Jim Crow South

23. Booker T. Washington and WEB Du Bois

24. The Jim Crow South
The end of Reconstruction put the burden of true equality on African Americans, who were discriminated against, prevented from having political power, and often terrorized.
Two very different approaches to segregation and racism foreshadow the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s.

25. Discuss
Between W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington, whose methods do you feel would have received a better response from mainstream American society? Why? What did both men accomplish?

26. Reforming Native Americans

27. Reforming Native Americans

28. Reforming Native Americans

29. Reforming Native Americans
The Peace Policy was anything but, and relegated American Indians to second class citizenship from which they are still recovering.

30. Strangers in the Land
In millions

31. Strangers in the Land

32. Strangers in the Land

33. Immigrants from Asia

34. Strangers in the Land
Anti-immigrant sentiment grew with the number of people coming to the US, and Asian immigration was halted in part due to the economic downturn of the 1890s.

35. Discuss
What were the causes of anti-immigration sentiment during this time? Why was immigration from Asia only curbed, and not Europe?

36. The Rise of the City

37. The Rise of the City

38. The Rise of the City

39. The Rise of the City

40. The Rise of the City

41. The Rise of the City

42. The Rise of the City

43. The Rise of the City
Cities were transformed in the late 19th century because of technological advancements and immigration and migration to the cities.

44. Discuss
In what ways did immigrants benefit society? Were nativists’ concerns about immigrants baseless?

45. Life on the Farm

46. Life on the Farm

47. Life on the Farm

48. Life on the Farm
Technological advancements had some effect on the lifestyles of farmers, but much stayed the same.

49. Discuss
In what way did life change on the farm, in what ways was it unchanged with the industrial revolution?

50. Women in Industrial Society

51. Women in Industrial Society

52. Women in Industrial Society

53. Women in Industrial Society

54. Women in Industrial Society
"Every kind of creature is developed by the exercise of its functions. If denied the exercise of its functions, it can not develop in the fullest degree." —Charlotte Perkins Stetson (Gilman), from Hearing of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, Washington, D.C., January 28, 1896

55. Women’s Suffrage

56. Women’s Suffrage

57. Women’s Suffrage

58. Women’s Suffrage
The enfranchisement of women would ensure immediate and durable white supremacy, honestly attained
1924: Belle Kearney of Madison County, MS, elected to State Senate

59. Women’s Suffrage
Women, especially middle-class white women, found greater social freedom in the late 1800s. This will lead to increased social activism and women’s involvement in the Progressive movement of the 1900s.
Women continued their struggle for suffrage, though they altered the rationale in response to society’s concerns about women voting.

60. Discuss
Were advances in women’s rights a reflection of the changing times, or a natural progression from the Second Great Awakening?
As women changed their reasoning for increased rights and the vote, is this wise or is it “selling out”?

61. Social Classes

62. Social Classes

63. Social Classes

64. Social Classes

65. Social Classes
Distinct classes were created in American society in the late 1800s.
Immigrants coming to the US significantly impacted the cultural fiber of the country.
Life was difficult for the poor in America, but their lives were often better than their equivalent in other countries, and there was a greater chance of social mobility.

66. The World Viewed
Mary Baker Eddy, founder of Christian Scientists

67. The World Viewed
New developments in science and the economy were difficult to reconcile with traditional ideas of religion, and therefore various approaches were created.

68. Discuss
If you lived in this time period, , what would your life have been like? Who would you be, in your equivalent social status?