1. MGMT 203 Propulsion and Aircraft Performance Management Perspective
Module 3

2. THIS DAY IN AVIATION September 12
1916 — The first pilotless radio-controlled aerial bomb is tested in the United States.
It is actually a small biplane that can fly radio- guided for 50 miles with 308 pounds of bombs aboard. (Kettering Bug)

3. THIS DAY IN AVIATION September 12
1918 — Lieutenant Frank Luke shot down his first enemy balloon.

4. THIS DAY IN AVIATION September 12
1942 — Battle of Bloody Ridge on Guadalcanal.

5. Questions / Comments

6. Management of Aeronautical Science
Learning Objectives – Module 3 (9/12/16 – 9/25/16) Propulsion and Aircraft Performance Management Perspective
Upon successful completion of this module, you will be able to:
Define aircraft performance terms and life cycles costs.
Describe the Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM) and Pilot’s Operating Handbook.
Describe three classifications of reciprocating engines.
Describe a turbofan engine that has a dual spool axial flow compressor.
Monday

7. Management of Aeronautical Science
Learning Objectives – Module 3 (9/12/16 – 9/25/16) Propulsion and Aircraft Performance Management Perspective
Upon successful completion of this module, you will be able to:
Examine the different types of systems used for reciprocating and turbine engines.
Critique why a turboprop engine is used and its three sections.
Describe a propeller and how thrust is produced.
Describe where you can find weight and balance limitations specified.
Analyze aircraft payloads for overweight conditions and proper loading of an airplane.
Describe the two types of plans that are used in the business flight department.
Compose a list of business flight department records. Consider operations and maintenance.
Tuesday
Wednesday

8. Questions / Comments

10. Discussion: Interviewing with Northern Air Cargo for a Management Position: Wed Sep 21

11. Discussion: YouTube Video: Wed Sep 21

12. Module 3 Review Questions (Due Fri Sep 23)
Spend quality time responding to the following questions in your own words.
1. Defend the importance of the Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM) and Pilot’s Operating Handbook.
2. Name the four stages or the Life Cycle Costs and describe which stage is the highest and why.
3. Describe the three classifications of reciprocating engines. Please give examples of each type.
4. Describe two types of plans that are used in a business or corporate aviation flight department.
5. Describe why a turboprop is used in aviation today. What are the three main sections of a turboprop engine?

13. Assignments Due – Module 3 (9/12/16 – 9/25/16)
Management of Aeronautical Science
Assignments Due – Module 3 (9/12/16 – 9/25/16)
Review Module 3 Instructions for the following assignments:
Discussion Board Due (Interviewing with Northern Air Cargo for a Management Position)
(Due - Wed Sep 21) – 2 part (Post and Respond)
Discussion Board Due (YouTube Video)
Review Questions – Propulsion and Aircraft Performance Management Perspective
(Due - Fri Sep 23) – 5 Questions

14. September 2016 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 HOLIDAY Labor Day 6 7 8 9 10 11
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday 28 29
Module 2 Intro
Aircraft Components 30
Module 2
Aircraft Design and Certification 31
MEL and DMI
Progress Reports Due 1
Beaufort County Airport (ILT) 2
Flightline Friday
Progress Reports Sent Home 3 4 5
HOLIDAY
Labor Day 6 7
Discussion Due 8 9
Review Questions Due 10 11 12
Module 3
Propulsion and Aircraft Performance 13 14 15 16
Flightline 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

15. Questions / Comments

16. MGMT 203 Propulsion and Aircraft Performance Management Perspective
Module 3

17. Managers’ Perspective
Understand the basics of
Aircraft Performance
Propulsion
Reciprocating engine
Turbine engine
Weight and Balance
Management Considerations
In this course, we will make reference to Title # CFR Part # as # CFR Part #
Example: 14 CFR Part #

18. Aircraft Performance Check the following Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM)
Developed by manufacturer and approved by FAA.
14 CFR Part must be current
14 CFR Part 91.9
Pilot’s Operating Handbook
Performance Charts
Takeoff
Climb
Cruise
Landing
Specific Type Certification Data Sheet (TCDS).

19. Aircraft Performance Consider certification requirements
Matching the aircraft’s aerodynamic characteristics with the appropriate powerplant(s) provides the necessary performance requirements.
Testing of the different configurations
Aircraft structure design
Two, three, or four engines
Reciprocating engine with propeller
Turbofan engine
Turboprop (turbine engine and propeller)

20. Aircraft Performance Factors
Speed
Range
Runway performance (takeoff and landing distance)
Rate of climb
Ceiling (certified and emergencies)
Payload (passenger and/or cargo)
Dimensions
Weight (empty, maximum, and useful load)
Maneuverability
Stability

21. Aircraft Performance Factors
Life cycle costs
Development
Acquisition
Ownership
Operations and Maintenance
Highest cost
Consider the age of some of the aircraft still flying
Disposal
Economy of operations
Maintenance costs

22. Propulsion
Let’s explore the very basics of the types of engines and their systems

23. Reciprocating Engines
Internal combustion engine
Converts chemical energy to heat energy to mechanical energy to drive propeller.
Reciprocating action of pistons inside cylinders
3 ways to classify reciprocating engines
Cylinder arrangement
Cooling system type
Lubricating system type

24. Reciprocating Engines
Cylinder arrangement
Inline
Even number of cylinders or all cylinders in a row.
V Type
Cylinders arranged in 2 rows or banks forming the letter "V" with an angle.
Even number of cylinders.

25. Reciprocating Engines
Cylinder arrangement
Opposed or O Type Engines
2 banks of cylinders directly opposite each other.
Vertical or horizontally mounted.
Most widely used in general aviation (GA).
Radial Engines
Consists of a row, or rows of cylinders arranged radially about a central crankcase.
Odd number of cylinders 5, 7, or 9 per row.
May have dual rows (9 cylinders in front and 9 in the back).
Greatest drag of all cylinder arrangements.

26. Reciprocating Engines
FAA. (2008). FAA-H Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge.
p. 6-2

27. Reciprocating Engines
FAA (2012). FAA-H Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook – Powerplant.
p. 1-5

28. Reciprocating Engines
Cooling system type
Air cooled (fins around the cylinder)
Very common
Liquid cooled (radiator)
Lubricating system type
Wet sump system
Entire oil supply is carried in engine.
Example car engine.
Dry sump system
Independent oil system.
Separate tank and tubing or hose to engine oil pump.

29. Reciprocating Engines
Most of the reciprocating engines used today are 4 stroke engines.
5 events of a 4 stroke engine in the order of occurrence.
Intake
Compression
Ignition
Power
Exhaust

30. Reciprocating Engines
FAA. (2008). FAA-H Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge. p. 6-4

31. Reciprocating Engines
FAA (2012). FAA-H Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook – Powerplant. p. 1-6

32. Reciprocating Engine Components
Crankcase Section
Foundation of engine
One piece or multi-piece construction
Cylinder
Two main parts of a cylinder are
Cylinder head
Intake and exhaust valves
2 spark plugs
Cylinder barrel
Connected to cylinder head and crankcase
Pistons move up and down in the cylinder
Has compression rings and oil ring

33. Reciprocating Engine Systems
Intake system
Must allow the proper amount of clean air to enter the engine at all operating conditions.
Normally aspirated (nonsupercharged).
May be supercharged.
Supercharger driven by engine
Turbocharger (driven by exhaust gases).
Carburetor heat system prevents ice from forming.
Alternate air valve is used to select heat or no heat.
14 CFR Part 23 each reciprocating engine air induction system must have a means to remove and eliminate ice.

34. Reciprocating Engines Systems
FAA. (2008). FAA-H Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge. p. 6-13

35. Reciprocating Engines Systems
Exhaust System
Dispose of exhaust gases away from engine and aircraft.
Exhaust pipes
Mufflers
Cracks are most common exhaust system problem.
Cooling
Air cooled (fins around the cylinder)
Liquid cooled (radiator)

36. Reciprocating Engines Systems
FAA. (2008). FAA-H Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical
Knowledge. p. 6-17

37. Reciprocating Engines Systems
Engine oil system
Function
Lubricates (reduces friction)
Cools (oil absorbs heat and carries it away)
Seal and cushions shock
Cleans
Protects against corrosion  
Components
Oil tank (may have a Reserve Oil Tank)
Filter
Oil pumps (main and scavenge)
Oil cooler and control valve
Airflow controls (oil cooler flap)

38. Reciprocating Engines Systems
FAA. (2008). FAA-H Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge. p. 6-16

39. Reciprocating Engines Systems
Fuel Feed Systems
Fuel comes from the aircraft fuel supply system.
Different types of fuel are used depending upon engine.
Supply fuel to carburetor under all altitudes, attitudes, and temperatures.
Components
Low pressure filter
Engine driven fuel pump
High pressure filter
Fuel metering system (Throttle)
Float carburetor, pressure carburetor, or fuel injection system.
Mixture Control System (Flight deck controlled)
Mixture control and fuel shutoff .

40. Reciprocating Engines Systems
FAA. (2008). FAA-H Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge. p. 6-25

41. Reciprocating Engines Systems
FAA. (2008). FAA-H Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge. p. 6-11

42. Reciprocating Engines Systems
Engine Ignition Systems
Dual type ignition system
Two independent systems = if one system fails, engine will operate on the other ignition system.
Components
Ignition Switch in flight deck
Controls left or right ignition systems, both, or shutoff.
Magnetos (2 separate or dual in one magneto housing)
Self‑contained magneto which supplies the electrical energy for the ignition system.
Once engine starts, magnetos do not need an aircraft battery.
Coils – step up electricity (step up transformer)
May be located inside magneto or separate for each spark plug.
Distributor – distributes spark to spark plugs.
Spark plugs – two plugs per cylinder.

43. Reciprocating Engines Systems
FAA. (2008). FAA-H Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge. p. 6-15

44. Turbojet Engine Manufacturers usually have core sections
Compressor
Combustion
Turbine
Compressor (2 basic types)
Axial flow (Air travels parallel with axis of rotation)
Centrifugal flow
Auxiliary Power Unit (APUs)
Combustion Section
Provides for proper mixing of fuel‑air mixture.
Located between compressor and turbine section.
Fuel added to air creates heat energy.
Turbine Section
Extract kinetic energy from expanding exhaust gases.
Drive compressor section.

45. Turbofan Engine Fan is driven from the compressor section.
Fan provides a majority of the thrust.
Axial flow compressor is normally used
Dual spool compressor
N2 driven from turbine section
Coupling shaft and exhaust gases
Starter
Fuel pump and fuel control
Located in front of the compressor section
N1 driven from turbine exhaust gases
Drives the fan
Located in front of N2 compressor

46. Turbofan Engine
Fan
FAA. (2008). FAA-H Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge. p. 6-21

47. Dual Spool Compressor
FAA (2012). FAA-H Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook – Powerplant. p. 1-51

48. Questions / Comments