1. WORLD WAR I

2. Causes of World War I
MILITARISM – creation of large powerful militaries and stockpiling weapons
ALLIANCE SYSTEM – nations pledge to protect and support each other
IMPERIALISM – when a stronger nation takes over a weaker nation (to gain $, power, respect)
NATIONALISM – pride or love for one’s nation

3. European Alliances Allies (1907) Triple Entente France Great Britain
Russia (treaty with Serbia)
Later: U.S.A.
Italy
Axis (1882)
Central Powers
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Italy (will join Allies later)
Later: Ottoman Empire

5. The Spark of World War I
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie

6. The Assassin- Gavrilo Princip - 1914
Lived in Serbia and hated that Austria-Hungary was trying to take over
Member of the Black Hand (secret society)

7. Victim-The Archduke Franz Ferdinand Country-Austria-Hungary
Shot Rings Throughout Europe

8. Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia…
Little do they know Allies are waiting in the wings
Propaganda like this was recruiting allied soldiers

9.
Legends of the Fall
(actual footage)

11. No clean uniforms, socks & shoes
Their equipment is scattered everywhere…
Boredom and sleep are obvious…

13. The soldiers had very little decent food, and what food they had was often attacked by rats.
These rats were the size of small rabbits and badgers because they had fed on the decomposing bodies of dead soldiers.

14. Trench Foot

15. No Man’s Land The area between trenches of opposing armies
Covered with barbed wire, mines, and fallen soldiers

16. British tank, German machine gun, & Australian anti-aircraft gun

17. Aircraft

19. Poisonous Gas
This war was also the first to use chlorine and mustard gas. The German army was the first to use chlorine in 1915.
French soldiers had not come across this before and assumed that it was a smoke screen. It has a distinctive smell – a mixture of pepper and pineapple – and they only realized they were being gassed when they started to have chest pains and a burning sensation in their throats!
Death is painful – you suffocate!

20. British soldier wearing gas mask

22. The effects of mustard gas

23. German U-Boats

24. U-Boats
The U-boat campaign can be broken into two distinct phases. The first was aimed at allied surface warships; The second, and ultimately more successful, was targeted towards allied shipping - using the U-boat as a tool to enforce an embargo.

25. Mass Devastation

26. Ruins of France

27. Ruined church at Montfaicon

28. Stone bridge blown up by Belgians

29. Death, Recovery of Bodies, & Burial

31. Results of World War I Political Cost Human Cost Economic Cost
Treaty of Versailles
Making Peace

32. Human Cost 8.5 million died in battle 2xs that wounded
6-13 million civilians dead
Over 20 million die of flu worldwide

35. Economic Costs
Homes, farms, factories, roads, churches need to be rebuilt
Rebuilding costs money that countries don’t have plus many have to pay off war debts
So blame Germany and have them pay reparations to all
TOTAL COSTS: Great Britain $55 billion, France $50 billion, Russia $25 billion, Germany $60 billion, Austria-Hungary $25 billion

36. Political Costs
Govts collapsed in Russia, Germany, A-H, and Ottoman Empire
Radicals try to rule and communism spreads
Colonial troops returned home with cynical views of Europeans
Imperial powers were no longer seen as invicible
African and Asian colonies found hope for independence from European control

37. Paris Peace Conference and League of Nations
Allies Paris without Central Powers and Russia
Great Britain, France, US, Italy – each with own demands and interests
Issues concerned countries wanting own control, who to blame, keeping peace
Wilson of USA has 14 Points and is willing to compromise in order to get the League of Nations for world security

38. Treaty of Versailles Signed by “big 3” and Germany
New countries formed like Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia…independence for Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia (Baltic Sea countries)
Creation of the League of Nations (No USA)
Punished Germany:
Pay others $ = reparations
Take all blame for the war
Limit military
Give back land taken