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Chapter 4 Tissues
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4 types of tissues Epithelial Connective Muscular Nerve
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Epithelial (exchange occurs through diffusion)
Avascular (without blood) Squamous-flat, tile-shaped, most delicate, stratified (layered) Cuboidal- cube-shaped Columnar-columns, ciliated, stratified, pseudostratified (nucleus is spread out) Functions: filters, protects absorbs, and secretes
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Connective-most abundant & widely distributed
Vascular Tissue=blood flow Functions: Binds Insulates Supports Strengthens
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Skeletal Cardiac Smooth Muscular
3 types that contract or shorten to produce a movement Skeletal Cardiac Smooth
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Are long, cylindrical, and striated (striped) multinucleated
Skeletal Voluntary Forms flesh of body Muscles pull on bones Are long, cylindrical, and striated (striped) multinucleated
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Cells fit together by intercalated disks
Cardiac Only in heart Striated or striped Only one nucleus Involuntary Cells fit together by intercalated disks
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Smooth-also called visceral muscle
No striations Single nucleus that is usually centered Cells are long, tapered with points at end Found in hollow organs Involuntary Contracts slower than other two
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Conducts electrical impulses Function: conductivity and irritability
Nervous Conducts electrical impulses Function: conductivity and irritability Location: brain, spinal cord, and nerves (all over body)
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Nervous tissue
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Tissue Repair When tissue is injured it stimulates inflammatory and immune responses. Healing starts immediately Repair occurs in 2 ways
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1.Regeneration- replacement of destroyed tissue by same kind of cell
2.Fibrosis- formation of scar tissue
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Which of these occur depends on…
Type of tissue damaged Severity of clean cuts (incisions) heal more successfully than lacerations (tear
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How tissue repair works:
a)Broken blood vessels bleed & soak area. Inflammation chemicals are released, WBC’s, fluid and proteins are able to enter. Proteins cause a clot. Surface dries & forms scab.
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b.) Granulation tissue forms-delicate, pink tissue made up of capillaries, phagocytes, connective tissue cells to bridge the gap. c.) Epithelium on top is repairing (mitosis). Makes way under scab and soon detaches
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Repair Don’t repair Poorly Repair •Epithelial •Cardiac •Skeletal
•Nervous *Only replaced by scar tissue (strong, lacks flexibility) •Epithelial •Connective (bone)
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Tissue Growth All cells grow and divide until puberty. Skin and intestinal cells continue the process. Other cells only grow and replace when needed. Others never repair
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