1. Respiration Carrying Oxygen Carrying CO2 Controlling Breathing
.Be able to describe how O2 is carried in the blood.
Be able to explain blood saturation.
Be able to describe the various ways CO2 is carried in the blood.
Be able to describe the key factors that influence breathing.
Be able to describe the anatomical features necessary to control breathing.
Marieb 22

2. Oxygen Transport
Dissolved 1.5%
Hemoglobin 98.5%

3. Hemoglobin Oxyhemoglobin Deoxyhemoglobin/ Reduced hemoglobin
O2 binds heme
CO2 binds globin

4. Partially vs Fully Saturated Hemoglobin
Affinity increases as O2 added

5. Hemoglobin Sheds O2 at Tissue
Capillary
Tissue

6. Gas Transport is very efficient at Sea Level
760 mmHg
523 mmHg
225 mmHg

7. Carbon Dioxide Transport
Dissolved: 10%
On globin: 20%
Bicarbonate ions: 70%

8. CO2 Binds to Hemoglobin Binds to globin
Deoxygenated hemoglobin more able to pick up CO2

9. Bicarbonate Transport of CO2
Carbonic anhydrase
H2CO3
H+ and HCO3-
Chloride Shift

10. Bicarbonate Release of CO2
Chloride Shift
H+ and HCO3-
Carbonic anhydrase
H2CO3
CO2

11. Minute Ventilation

12. Controlling Breathing
Movement

13. PCO2 (By measuring H+) Medulla Blood  CSF Carbonic Acid Acidic CSF
37-43mmHg

14. Aortic Arch and the Carotid Sinus

15. PO2
Carotid Receptors
PO2 less than 60 mmHg

16. Baroreceptors
Detect Pressure
Aortic Reflex
Carotid Sinus Reflex

17. Control of Breathing DRG Information from receptors VRG
“Pacemaker” for respiration

18. Control of Breathing: VRG
Inspiratory cells
Expiratory cells
Phrenic nerve

19. Short Term Neuronal Controls
Cardiac Inhibitory Center +
Cardiac Excitatory Center
Vasomotor Center
Cardiovascular Center