1. Clinical Psychology Schizophrenia
5.1 Content
5.2 Methods
5.3 Studies
5.4 Key Question
5.5 Practical Investigation
5.6 Issues and Debates

2. Clinical Psychology Schizophrenia
Two facts and a myth

3. Schizophrenia Description of symptoms and features
thought insertion, hallucinations, delusions, disordered thinking.
Biological Cause: The function of neurotransmitters
Biological Cause: Genetic
Cognitive Cause: Attention deficient theory
Biological Treatment: Medication
Cognitive Treatment: CBT

4. Louis Wain

5. Schizophrenia Description of symptoms and features AO1:
thought insertion, hallucinations, delusions, disordered thinking.
AO1:
Define the symptoms and features.
AO2:
Give examples of the symptoms and features.
Explain how the DSM and ICD are similar and different.

6. 5.1.2 Classification systems (DSM IVR or DSM V, and ICD) for mental health, including reliability and validity of diagnoses.
DSM and ICD
Apart from the symptoms - What else should be taken into account?
Why is this important?
How does this relate to the 4Ds

7. 5.1.2 Classification systems (DSM IVR or DSM V, and ICD) for mental health, including reliability and validity of diagnoses.
AO1: Classification
Grouping symptoms
identify symptoms to diagnose mental disorders
psychologists, psychiatrists, health-care workers, social workers and educators.
Strengths
Weaknesses
Helps communication between health professionals.
Labelling: Self fulfilling prophesy/ stigma
A correct diagnosis is vital = assisting in the treatment and control of the disorder and symptoms.
Helps people seek treatment options
Labelling: relief
Inter-rater reliability

8. 0_______________________80
5.1.2 Classification systems (DSM IVR or DSM V, and ICD) for mental health, including reliability and validity of diagnoses. Do
Categorical Approach: ICD and DSM
Classifies a person’s symptoms in term of which specific group they best (category) fit or belong to.
The yes- no approach
The focus is on diagnosing whether the person has or does not have a disorder.
Dimensional Approach: Some disorders in the DSM V use this too. (Autism- Child)
Acknowledges that everyone experiences that symptom to some extent and ranks the degree of the symptom.
Continuum approach
Can see changes over time
Is the person experiences sleep problems
YES NO
How many hours of sleep have they received in the last week?
0_______________________80

9. 5.1.2 Classification systems (DSM IVR or DSM V, and ICD) for mental health, including reliability and validity of diagnoses.
DSM
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Does not specify the cause of the disorder
Combines illnesses into more specific and smaller categories than ICD.
Does not include treatment options
DSM V: divided into 3 sections
Introduction
Classification of the main mental health disorder
Assessment measures to aid diagnosis eg: cultural formulation interview.
Mental disorders ONLY
 first published in 1952
Developed in response to the need of a census of mental health disorders using descriptions and classifications
 Western cultures
Developed in response to the need of a census of mental health disorders using descriptions and classifications

10. 5.1.2 Classification systems (DSM IVR or DSM V, and ICD) for mental health, including reliability and validity of diagnoses.
ICD
Physical and Mental Disorders
ICD is the foundation for the identification of health trends and statistics globally, and the international standard for reporting diseases and health conditions.
Brought together in1891
1898- adopted by United states of America, Canada and Mexico
Created by the World Health Organisation
Does not specify the cause of the disorder
The 11th revision is due to be published in 2018

11. Codes 1-22 for a range of disorders
5.1.2 Classification systems (DSM IVR or DSM V, and ICD) for mental health, including reliability and validity of diagnoses.
ICD
I Certain infectious and parasitic diseases
II Neoplasms
III Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism
IV Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases
V Mental and behavioural disorders
VI Diseases of the nervous system
VII Diseases of the eye and adnexa
Codes 1-22 for a range of disorders
Chapter V Mental and behavioural disorders (F00-F99)

12. 5.1.2 Classification systems (DSM IVR or DSM V, and ICD) for mental health, including reliability and validity of diagnoses.
Comparing DSM and ICD
DSM 5
Term
ICD-10
Similarly
Whereas

13. 5.1.2 Classification systems (DSM IVR or DSM V, and ICD) for mental health, including reliability and validity of diagnoses.
AO2: Compare the DSM with the ICD in terms of the classification of mental health.
Similar
Both use categorical approach
No treatments
No causation
Both include mental disorders
The APA works closely with staff from the WHO to ensure that the two systems are maximally compatible

14. 5.1.2 Classification systems (DSM IVR or DSM V, and ICD) for mental health, including reliability and validity of diagnoses.
DSM 5
Term
ICD-10
Only covers mental disorders
Whereas
Covers all health conditions
Produced by APA (single nation professional body)
Produced by WHO united nations agency
Revenue source for APA
Free to access online
Only available for psychiatrists to use
Available to service providers
English only
Multi Lingual
Officially recognised manuals used to categorise and diagnose mental disorders. 

15. Case study - Martin
Discuss whether Martin would be diagnosed with schizophrenia
Justify your decision
Martin is a 21 year-old business major at a large university. Over the past few months his family and friends have noticed increasingly bizarre behaviours. On many occasions they’ve overheard him whispering in an agitated voice, even though there is no one nearby. Lately, he has refused to answer or make calls on his cell phone, claiming that if he does it will activate a deadly chip that was implanted in his brain by evil aliens.
He has accused his family on several occasions of conspiring with the aliens to have him killed so they can remove his brain and put it inside one of their own. Martin frequently breaks down in tears when he confronts his family of conspiring with the aliens to have him killed. He doesn’t understand why they want to hurt him.
He has stopped attended classes altogether. He is now so far behind in his coursework that he will fail if something doesn’t change very soon.

16. Sue Morgan https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjM9Gl_MLyQ
Describe Sue’s symptoms and features in terms of Schizophrenia.
EXPLANATIONS:
Why she is experiencing Schizophrenia?
neurotransmitters
one other biological explanation: Genetics
a non-biological explanation: Attention Deficit Theory
Evaluate the explanations: (Strengths and Weaknesses)
TREATMENT:
Biological Treatment: Drugs
Non-Biological Treatment: CBT for Schizophrenia
Evaluate the Treatment

17. What percentage of people experience schizophrenia?
Multiple Choice
What percentage of people experience schizophrenia? A: B: C: D: % 1%
0.2%
3-7%

18. Multiple Choice
Which of the following has the highest comorbid with schizophrenia? A: B: C: D:
Anxiety
Substance abuse
Depression
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

19. Multiple Choice
Late onset when someone is diagnosed with schizophrenia after they are ______years old. _____ are over represented in this form of schizophrenia. A: B: C: D:
50, Male
50, Female
40, Male
40, Female

20. What percentage of people with Schizophrenia take their life?
Multiple Choice
What percentage of people with Schizophrenia take their life? A: B: C: D:
1-2%
5-6%
10-12%
15-18%

21. Multiple Choice
Which statement best describes the typical onset of the condition. A: B: C: D:
Males: early 20s
Females: late 20s- early 30s.
Females: early 20s
Males: late 20s- early 30s
Females and Males: late 20-early 30s
Depends greatly upon your culture

22. Features of Schizophrenia
% of people experience schizophrenia.
Substance abuse has the highest comorbid with schizophrenia?
5-6% of people with Schizophrenia take their life.
Duerr (2013) adolescents with psychotic symptoms are nearly 70 times more likely to attempt suicide.
People who are experiencing social problems, (poverty, unemployment) are more likely to develop Schizophrenia.
The typical onset of the condition. Males: early 20s and Females: late 20s- early 30s.
Ave. life expectancy tends to be 10+ years less if a person has Schizophrenia.
Goldstein (1998) found that women aged 45 and under have a less severe course of Schizophrenia.
They are many types of Schizophrenia:
Paranoid Schizophrenia, Disorganised Schizophrenia, Catatonic Schizophrenia, Residual Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, Undifferentiated Schizophrenia.