1. Cell Biology
BME140
Structural and functional analysis of nucleus and nuclear compartments
Assist. Prof. Dr. Açelya Yılmazer Aktuna

2. NUCLEUS AND NUCLEAR COMPARTMENTS
THE NUCLEUS
the most prominent organelle in an eukaryotic cell
Nuclear envelope

3. NUCLEUS AND NUCLEAR COMPARTMENTS
THE STRUCTURE OF DNA
Genetic info is carried by DNA molecules (deoxyribonucleic acid)
The genetic info is encoded in the linear seqeunce of 4 nucleotides (A, T, G, C)
A DNA Molecule Consists of Two Complementary Chains of Nucleotides
Double helix
Antiparallel
Complimentary
Hydrogen bonding required for AT and GC pairing

4. NUCLEUS AND NUCLEAR COMPARTMENTS
THE STRUCTURE OF EUKARYOTIC CHROMOSOMES
In eukaryotes, DNA is tightly folded by binding to a set of proteins
Eukaryotic DNA Is Packaged into Multiple Chromosomes
Chromosomes Contain Long Strings of Genes
THE REGULATION OF CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE
Changes in Nucleosome Structure Allow Access to DNA
Loosining of chromatin: gene expression, DNA replication, DNA repair mechanisms