1. Shakespearian Tragedy

2. Elements of a Tragedy A tragedy is divided into five parts.
In his book Technique of the Drama (1863), The German critic Gustav Freytag proposed a method of analyzing plots derived from Aristotle's concept of unity of action that came to be known as Freytag's Triangle or Freytag's Pyramid.

3. Elements of a Tragedy Climax Rising Action Falling Action Exposition
Denouement

4. Macbeth Thane of Glamis
For brave Macbeth--well he deserves that name--
O valiant cousin! worthy gentleman!
He bade me, from him, call thee thane of Cawdor: In which addition, hail, most worthy thane!
Exposition
We meet the
Hero.

5. Macbeth: The tragic hero
According to Aristotle:
Usually of noble birth
Hamartia - the tragic flaw that eventually leads to his downfall.
Peripeteia - a reversal of fortune brought about by the hero's tragic flaw
Vaulting ambition
Killing of Banquo

6. Elements of a Tragedy Rising Action
Here’s the first real turning point in the play. What happens which causes a change in the course of the action in Macbeth?
Exposition

7. Macbeth meets the Witches
All hail, Macbeth! hail to thee, thane of Glamis!
Macbeth meets the Witches
All hail, Macbeth, hail to thee, thane of Cawdor!
Rising Action
All hail, Macbeth, thou shalt be king hereafter!
Exposition

8. Elements of a Tragedy Banquo’s Ghost appears Climax Rising Action
Which of you have done this?
Thou canst not say I did it: never shake  Thy gory locks at me!
Exposition

9. Elements of a Tragedy
On the heels of the appearance of the Ghost of Banquo Macbeth starts to make decisions which will lead to his downfall.
What do you think the first one is?
Climax
Macbeth returns to the Witches
Rising Action
Falling Action
Exposition

10. Macbeth returns to the Witches
Macbeth! Macbeth! Macbeth! beware Macduff; Beware the thane of Fife. Dismiss me. Enough.
Be bloody, bold, and resolute; laugh to scorn The power of man, for none of woman born Shall harm Macbeth.
Macbeth shall never vanquish'd be until Great Birnam wood to high Dunsinane hill Shall come against him.

11. Elements of a Tragedy Macbeth returns to the Witches Climax
Macbeth decides to kill Macduff
Rising Action
Falling Action
Exposition

12. Killing of Macduff’s Family
The castle of Macduff I will surprise; Seize upon Fife; give to the edge o' the sword His wife, his babes, and all unfortunate souls That trace him in his line.
All my pretty ones? Did you say all? O hell-kite! All? What, all my pretty chickens and their dam At one fell swoop?

13. Elements of a Tragedy Macbeth returns to the Witches
Macbeth decides to kill Macduff
Climax
Rising Action
Falling Action
Lady Macbeth loses her mind.
Exposition
Things are heading downhill at pace.
What’s the next tragic event?

14. Lady Macbeth loses her mind
Out, damned spot! out, I say!—One: two: why, then, 'tis time to do't.—Hell is murky!—Fie, my lord, fie! a soldier, and afeard? What need we fear who knows it, when none can call our power to account?—Yet who would have thought the old  man to have had so much blood in him?

15. Elements of a Tragedy Macbeth returns to the Witches
Macbeth decides to kill Macduff
Climax
Lady Macbeth loses her mind.
Rising Action
Falling Action
Lady Macbeth kills herself.
Exposition
At this point Macbeth has become a monster and we feel no sympathy for him at all.
But for the Tragedy to work we have to care about him again. What event happens here which turns Macbeth back into a human being?

16. She should have died hereafter;
To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow, Creeps in this petty pace from day to day To the last syllable of recorded time, And all our yesterdays have lighted fools The way to dusty death. Out, out, brief candle! Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player That struts and frets his hour upon the stage And then is heard no more: it is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing. .

17. Elements of a Tragedy Macbeth returns to the Witches
Macbeth decides to kill Macduff
Climax
Lady Macbeth loses her mind.
Lady Macbeth kills herself.
Rising Action
Falling Action
Exposition
Denouement

18. Dénouement
Dénouement (pronounced: day-noo-mon(t)) French word dénouement is derived from the Old French word denoer, "to untie", and from nodus, Latin for "knot." Simply put, dénouement is the unraveling or untying of the complexities of a plot
According to Freytag:
The Dénouement comprises events between the falling action and the actual end of the drama or narrative and thus serves as the conclusion of the story. Conflicts are resolved, creating normality for the characters and a sense of catharsis, or release of tension and anxiety, for the reader.

19. Elements of a Tragedy Macbeth returns to the Witches
Macbeth decides to kill Macduff
Climax
Lady Macbeth loses her mind.
Lady Macbeth kills herself.
Rising Action
Falling Action
Exposition
Denouement
What happens at this point which leads to the final solution of the plot?
Macduff confronts Macbeth.

20. Macduff confronts Macbeth
 Turn, hell-hound, turn!
Despair thy charm; And let the angel whom thou still hast served Tell thee, Macduff was from his mother's womb Untimely ripp'd.
Accursed be that tongue that tells me so…..
Lay on, Macduff, And damn'd be him that first cries, 'Hold, enough!'

21. Order is restored Malcolm is crowned King Climax Rising Action
Falling Action
Exposition
Denouement