1. The Estates-General to the LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY
The START of the French Revolution

2. The Estates-General
* May 1789: The French Revolution
1.) Constitutional Monarchy
2.) Clergy, Nobility & Taxation
* Voting System – Representation
THINK Why did King Louis XVI summon the Estates-General? (May 1789 – Versailles, France)
What was the ESTATES-GENERAL? (300/300/600)

3. The Estates-General
* May 1789: The French Revolution
1.) Constitutional Monarchy
2.) Clergy, Nobility & Taxation
* Voting System – Representation
THINK What problems occurred at the Estates-General? (Why was there resentment between the Estates?)
What was the MAIN ISSUE at the Estates-General?

4. Tennis Court Oath
* JUNE 1789: The French Revolution
THINK “How did the Third Estate react at the Estates-General?” (Versailles, National Assembly, Tennis Court Oath)
First act of the French Revolution! * * (June 1789)

5. Storming the Bastille * JULY 14, 1789: The French Revolution
* After the Tennis Court Oath, King Louis XVI prepared to use force against Third Estate…
Parisians gathered outside the Bastille – RABBLE RABBLE!
What do they do? HOLY COW!

6. Storming the Bastille
* JULY 14, 1789: The French Revolution

7. The Great Fear
* JULY 1789: The French Revolution
* Revolutionary sentiment, anger & violence SPREAD throughout the Parisian countryside…
Peasants revolted … CONTRACTUAL & FEUDAL OBLIGATIONS!

8. WOMEN'S MARCH ON VERSAILLES (Oct. 1789)
Bread Riots & the
WOMEN'S MARCH ON VERSAILLES (Oct. 1789)
The march began among women in the marketplaces of Paris who were near rioting over the high price and scarcity of bread. Their demonstrations quickly became intertwined with the activities of revolutionaries who were seeking liberal political reforms and a constitutional monarchy for France.
The market women and their various allies grew into a mob of thousands and, encouraged by revolutionary agitators, they ransacked the city armory for weapons and marched to the Palace of Versailles.
The crowd besieged the palace and in a dramatic and violent confrontation they successfully pressed their demands upon King Louis XVI. The next day, the crowd compelled the king, his family, and most of the French Assembly to return with them to Paris.
These events effectively ended the independent authority of the king. The march symbolized a new balance of power that displaced the ancient privileged orders of the French nobility and favored the nation's common people, collectively termed the Third Estate. Bringing together people representing disparate sources of the Revolution in their largest numbers yet, the march on Versailles proved to be a defining moment of that Revolution.
WHAT HAPPENED? WHAT DO YOU KNOW?
What were the causes of the Women’s March on Versailles?
…Impact on the Royal Family & Revolution?

9. Why was it important? Why was it significant?
* Example that brought together all aspects of the revolution; symbolic of the power of POPULAR MOVEMENTS
1.) Ended independent authority of Louis XVI; removed feeling of invincibility that covered the monarchy! (babysat from here on out…)
2.) End of Louis XVI’s resistance to the revolution (had been trying to block the National Assembly – no more!)
3.) Symbolized a new balance of power in France (nation’s commoners – the PEOPLE!)
WHAT HAPPENED? WHAT DO YOU KNOW?
What were the causes of the Women’s March on Versailles?
…Impact on the Royal Family & Revolution?

10. CIVIL CONSTITUTION OF THE CLERGY
(July 1790)
WHAT PREVIOUSLY HAPPENED? WHAT DO YOU KNOW?
Consequences for the Catholic Church? …Pope?

11. Why was it important? Why was it significant?
* Subordinated the Roman Catholic Church in France to the French government (the Pope was no longer in power…)
1.) Turned the clergy into employees of the STATE
2.) Established an election system and a pay rate for the clergy
PREVIOUSLY… tithes & monastic vows were abolished & Church property was nationalized!
What does this term mean?
WHAT PREVIOUSLY HAPPENED? WHAT DO YOU KNOW?
Consequences for the Catholic Church? …Pope?

12. The Royal Family’s Escape! (June 1791)
WHAT HAPPENED? WHAT DO YOU KNOW?
What effects did attempted escape have Royal Family?
…perception throughout Europe? (Declaration of Pilnitz, August 1791)

13. Why was it important? Why was it significant?
* Turning point where hostility towards Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette became more evident! King leaving the country?!
1.) Provoked charges of treason; ultimately led to his execution in 1793
2.) Alerted other European monarchs (feared that the revolution would spread to their countries and result in instability) – the FRENCH PLAGUE!
In response to Louis XVI’s capture and forced return to Paris, Prussia and Austria issued the Declaration of Pillnitz on August 27, 1791, warning the French against harming the king and demanding that the monarchy be restored. The declaration also implied that Prussia and Austria would intervene militarily in France if any harm came to the king.
Prussia and Austria’s initial concern was simply for Louis XVI’s well-being, but soon the countries began to worry that the French people’s revolutionary sentiment would infect their own citizens. The Declaration of Pillnitz was issued to force the French Revolutionaries to think twice about their actions and, if nothing else, make them aware that other countries were watching the Revolution closely.
WHAT HAPPENED? WHAT DO YOU KNOW?
What effects did attempted escape have Royal Family?
…perception throughout Europe? (Declaration of Pilnitz, August 1791)

14. FINALLY, a NEW CONSTITUTION
(Sept. 1791) – LIBERAL; Constitutional Monarchy
Sept., 1791 – National Assembly writes CONSTITUTION!
Type of government? Characteristics… Problems?

15. Why was it important? Why was it significant?
* First written constitution in France (constitutional monarchy)
1.) Constitutional separation of powers
2.) King had to share power with the Legislative Assembly (veto & ability to select ministers)
3.) Formed a system for regular elections – ACTIVE citizens could VOTE! (NOT universal Male suffrage)
These were LIBERAL reforms!
In September 1791, the National Assembly released its much-anticipated Constitution of 1791, which created a constitutional monarchy, or limited monarchy, for France.
This move allowed King Louis XVI to maintain control of the country, even though he and his ministers would have to answer to new legislature, which the new constitution dubbed the Legislative Assembly.
The constitution also succeeded in eliminating the nobility as a legal order and struck down monopolies and guilds.
It established a poll tax and barred servants from voting, ensuring that control of the country stayed firmly in the hands of the middle class.
Sept., 1791 – National Assembly writes CONSTITUTION!
Type of government? Characteristics… Problems?