1. UNIT 10: ANCIENT GREECE
The Greeks: Crucible of civilisation. First of aseries of 5 narrated by Liam Neeson (9:30)

2. IN THIS UNIT, YOU WILL…
Learn about the history of Greek civilisation
Learn about the main social, economic and cultural characteristics of Ancient Greece
Identify the main features of Greek art
Learn about the Greek contribution to western civilisation
Discuss the origin of democracy

3. Greek civilisation appeared in the Balkan Peninsula, on islands in the Mediterranean and in Asia Minor, now Turkey. Its ancient name was Hellas, and its people were called Hellenes.

4. Valleys were separated by mountain chains
ANCIENT GREECE WAS INFLUENCED BY ITS NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Valleys were separated by mountain chains
There were many islands far from the continent
Independent states emerged in each valley and on each island

5. SUMMARIZING,
CLIMATE, SEA, VALLEYS AND ISLANDS INFLUENCED ANCIENT GREECE DEVELOPMENT
THE CLIMATE WAS DRY. PEOPLE LIVED FROM AGRICULTURE, ANIMAL GRAZING AND FISHING
THE GREEKS WERE MARITIME PEOPLE AND TRADED WITH OTHER PEOPLE ACROSS THE MEDITERRANEAN

6. ANCIENT GREECE TIMELINE
HELLENISTIC PERIOD
MYCENAEAN CIVILISTAION
DARK AGES
ARCHAIC PERIOD
CRETAN CIVILISATION
CLASSICAL PERIOD
THERE WERE SEVERAL IMPORTANT PRE-HELLENIC CIVILISATIONS
THE GREEK CITY STATES WERE STABLISHED. GREECE BEGAN TO EXPAND ACROSS THE MEDITERRANEAN
IT WAS A PERIOD OF GREAT CULTURAL ACHIEVEMENT. ATHENS AND SPARTA WERE DOMINANT CITY STATES
ALEXANDER THE GREAT CONQUERED THE PERSIAN EMPIRE. AFTER HIS DEATH, THERE WERE SEVERAL HELLENISTIC KINGDOMS
FINALLY IT BECAME PART OF ROMAN EMPIRE

7. CULTURE RELIGIOUS BELIEFS LANGUAGE ART
THE GREEKS ALL HAD THE SAME CIVILISATION, ALTHOUGH THEY LIVED IN INDEPENDENT CITIES. THEY SHARED THE SAME…
CULTURE
RELIGIOUS BELIEFS
LANGUAGE
ART

8. Pre-Hellenic civilisations
MINOANS
BETWEEN 3000 AND 1500 BC THE MINOANS WERE A PROSPEROUS MARITIME AND TRADING CIVILISATION ON THE ISLAND OF CRETE. THEY LEARNED HOW TO MAKE AND USE BRONZE. THEY RULED MANY ISLANDS IN THE AEGEAN SEA

9. Pre-Hellenic civilisations
MYCENAEANS
BETWEEN 1600 AND BC THE MYCENAEANS CONTROLLED MOST OF MAINLAND GREECE. MYCENAEANS SOCIETY WAS LED BY A WARRIOR ARISTOCRACY. ACCORDING TO GREEK LEGENDS, THESE WARRIORS FOUGHT THE TROJAN WAR

10. Pre-Hellenic civilisations
DORIANS
AFTER BC THE DORIANS, WHO KNEW HOW TO MAKE AND USE IRON, ENTERED MAINLAND GREECE FROM THE NORTH. MANY GREEKS WENT TO LIVE ON THE COAST OF ASIA MINOR, NOW TURKEY, WHERE THEY FOUNDED CITIES

11. Pre-Hellenic civilisations
DARK AGE
THE PERIOD FROM 1200 BC UNTIL ABOUT 750 BC WAS CALLED THE DARK AGE. PEOPLE LIVED IN SMALL, ISOLATED COMMUNITIES, AND LEFT FEW IMPORTANT ARCHA

12. DEVELOPED BETWEEN THE 8TH AND THE 6TH CENTURY THEY ALSO HAD IN COMMON:
THE ARCHAIC AGE
THE POLIS
DEVELOPED BETWEEN THE 8TH AND THE 6TH CENTURY
THEY ALSO HAD IN COMMON:
The AGORA, or main square, where political activity and trading took place.
The ACROPOLIS, on high land above the city , where temples were located
The polis was formed of the main city and the farming land and forests around it.
It had its own government army, laws and currency.
But all the poleis shared the same culture, religion and language.

13. Discuss in groups about the activities thta took place in the agora

14. Explore the Acropolis from the Brithis Mueum

15. THE ARCHAIC AGE EARLY GOVERNMENT
The tyrants
Archaic city states were ruled by an oligarchy, which meant “government by the few”.
The aristoi (or “best”) formed a privileged elite, or ARISTOCRACY. The aristoi were landowners and military leaders.
There was frequent social disorder during the 7th and 6th centuries BC, and this led to political change. TYRANTS, like Peisistratos, took power. There were other important leaders, like Solon the lawmaker.

16. THE ARCHAIC AGE THE GREEK COLONISATION
CAUSES OF GREEK COLONISATION
Land was scarce, and it was held unequally
Population growth made it necessary to find new places for the extra people
Colonies created new trading possibilities
THE GREEK COLONISATION
DEVELOPED BETWEEN THE 8TH AND THE 6TH CENTURY
Greek expansion led to the creation of COLONIES across the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. there were many cities or colonies such as Syracuse, in Sicily, and Emporion on the Iberian Peninsula
CONSEQUENCES
economic activity increased greatly in both city states and their colonies.
Greek culture spread into new regions.
Some social groups became wealthier. There were social changes, and democracy emerged in the poleis

17. GREEK COLONISATION

18. Peloponnesian War and Thucydides (12:00)
THE CLASSICAL PERIOD
Pericles and the Delian League
(9:00)
The classical period was the gratest period for the Greek poleis. Sparta and Athens were the most important
There were also a number of conflicts. The most significant were:
THE GRECO-PERSIAN WARS (MEDIAN WARS)
THE PELOPONESIAN WARS ( BC)
They were at the beginning of the fifth century BC when the Persians tried to gain control of the Greek poleis of Asia Minor and continental Greece.
The army of the Athenian polis was essential in defeating the Persians at the battles of Marathon (490) and Salamina (480). Athens became the most powerful polis.
They were the conflicts between Greek poleis. The dominant position of Athens threatened other poleis and led to wars between them. Sparta was against Athens control of the Delian League and after years of war Sparta dominated over the rest of the poleis.
While the poleis were fighting each other, King Philip II of Macedon organised a great army
Delian League was created

19. DEMOCRACY ATHENS BECAME A DEMOCRACY INSTITUTIONS OF ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY
THAT MEANS “RULE BY THE PEOPLE”
IN THIS SYSTEM, ADULT MALE CITIZENS PARTICIPATED IN GOVERNMENT. BUT WOMEN, METICS (FOREIGNERS), SLAVES AND FREED SLAVES WERE NOT CONSIDERED CITIZENS
EKKLESIA
MAGISTRATES
BOULE
HELIAIA
THE EKKLESIA WAS THE ASSEMBLY OF ALL THE CITIZENS. THEY MET TO VOTE LAWS AND ELECT MAGISTRATES
THEY WERE IN CHARGE O THE LAW COURTS AND RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES THERE WERE ARCHONS AND STRATEGOI
THIS IS THE COUNCIL FORMED BY CITIZENS CHOSEN BY BALLOT. THEY MADE SURE THAT LAWS WERE FOLLOWED
IT WAS THE SUPREME COURT. THEY WERE CHOSEN BY BALLOT EVERY YEAR
Athenian Democracy - Solon and Cleisthenes (12:00)

21. SPARTA: OLIGARCHY SPARTIANS PERIOIKOI HELOTS
INSTITUTIONS OF SPARTIAN OLIGARCHY
Sparta was Athens great rival.
It was an OLIGARCHY
TWO KINGS
GEROUSIA
EPHORS
ASSEMBLY
In Spartan society, citizens were trained to fight as warriors from an early age
THEY HELD MILITARY AND RELIGIOUS ACTIVITY
IT WAS A COUNCIL FORMED BY CITIZENS OVER SIXTY. RESPONSIBLE FOR JUSTICE
OR MAGISTRATES
WHO MAINTAINED THE ORDER
FORMED BY WITH VERY LIMITED POWERS
SPARTIANS
PERIOIKOI
HELOTS
FREE MEN WITH POLITICAL RIGHTS
CRAFTSMEN OR TRADERS WITHOUT POLITICAL RIGHTS
THEY WERE LIKE SLAVES BUT COULDN´T BE SOLD
Less than a minute video about the Spartian society

22. THE MOST IMPORTANT ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
ECONOMY
THE MOST IMPORTANT ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
AGRICULTURE
LIVESTOCK
CRAFT
TRADE
IT WAS THE MAIN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY. IT WAS BASED ON THE CULTIVATION OF WHEAT, OLIVES AND VINES IN THE VALLEYS.
IT WAS IMPORTANT IN THE MOUNTAINS. THEY KEPT SHEEP, GOATS, PIGS AND HORSES
CRAFT WORK WAS DONE IN SMALL WORKSHOPS. THEY MADE TEXTILES, POTTERY, WEAPONS AND FARM TOOLS
IT BECAME IPORTANT, ESPECIALLY AROUND THE MEDITERRANEAN. THEY TRADED EACH OTHER ACROSS THE AEGEAN AND ALSO WITH EGYPT AND ITALY

23. A lot of our information on daily life comes from pottery
Life in ancient Greece was quite different for men and women. Whilst men were expected to take an active part in the public life of their city, women were expected to lead a private life as wives and mothers. Their lives were centred on the home.
Slavery was a central feature of life in Greece. Families of reasonable wealth would have slaves to carry out the household chores, to go shopping at the market and even to help bring up children.
Life in ancient Greece was quite different for men and women. Whilst men were expected to take an active part in the public life of their city, women were expected to lead a private life as wives and mothers. Their lives were centred on the home.
However, daily life in Sparta was rather different from most other city-states. Here women led more active lives, as this would improve their physical strength and their ability to have healthy babies. Sparta also had slaves but these belonged to the city as a whole, rather than to individual families.
A lot of our information on daily life comes from pottery
PLAY THE “Greek House” BM

24. GREEK CULTURE
GREEK CULTURE HAD A GREAT INFLUENCE BOTH IN ANCIENT TIMES AND LATER PERIODS. IT IS OFTEN CONSIDERED THE FOUNDATION OF THE WESTERN CIVILISATION
PHILOSOPHY
Greeks were the first to use the reason to examine the nature of human beings and the world around them
SCIENCE
They developed Mathematics, Physics and Medice
GEOGRAPY
AND HISTORY
They calculated the circumference of the Earth.
They were the first in writing History.
LITERATURE
Epic poems like the Iliad and the Odyssey (700 BC)
Theatre devoloped from religious ceremonies:
tragedies and comedies
SOCRATES, PLATO AND ARISTOLES
HIPPOCRATES, PYTHAGORAS, ARCHIMEDES
ERATOSTHENES
HERODOTUS
THUCYDIDES
HOMER, AESCHYLUS,SOPHOCLES, EURIPIDES

25. RELIGION TEMPLES ORACLES OLYMPIC GAMES POLYTHEISTS WHAT WERE THEY?
GODS AND HEROES

26. POWER POINT OF GREEK ART
THE GREEKS TRIED TO ACHIEVE PROPORTION AND HARMONY IN THEIR ART. THEY CONSTRUCTED BUILDINGS AND STATUES ON A HUMAN SCALE
POWER POINT OF GREEK ART

27. THE HELLENISTIC PERIOD
ALEXANDER THE GREAT POWER POINT