1. Review of Third Conjugation Verbs Pres. Pres. Perf. Perf.
Act. Act. Act. Pass.
Indic. Infin. Indic. Participle
1st conjugation voco vocare vocavi vocatus - call
2nd conjugation moneo monere monui monitus - warn
Reg. 3rd conjugation rego regere rexi rectus - rule
“io” 3rd conjugation capio capere cepi captus - take

2. Tense Rule Translation
Active and Passive Voice
(1st & 2nd conj.) (Reg. 3rd conj.)
Present Pres. Stem + PE Pres. Root + i + PE (am, is are; do, does;
simple pres.)
Imperfect Pres. Stem + ba + PE Pres. Root + eba + PE (was, were; used to;
did)
Future Pres. Stem + bi + PE Pres. Root + a/e + PE (shall/will)
Present Stem = Present Active Infinitive (2nd principal part of verb) - re
Present Root = Present Active Infinitive (2nd principal part of verb) – ere
“io” verbs of the third conjugation add an i to the present root.

3. All Latin Verbs (Regular and Irregular) (Review Sheet)
Perfect, Pluperfect, Future Perfect Tenses, Active Voice
Perfect Perfect Stem i, isti ,it,
imus, istis, erunt
(has, have; simple past)
Pluperfect Perfect Stem eram, eras erat,
eramus, eratis, erant
(had)
Future Perfect Perfect Stem ero, eris,erit,
erimus, eritis, erint
(shall have/will have)

4. Review of the Ablative of Separation (Page 192)
The Ablative of Separation emphasizes the state of being apart.
Sometimes the separation is figurative, with such verbs as those
meaning to set free, deprive, sustain, and the preposition is omitted.
If the word in the ablative refers to a person, a preposition
is regularly used.
Patriam periculo liberavit.
He freed his country from danger.
Patriam ab hostibus liberavit.
He freed his country from the enemy.
The preposition ab with the Ablative of Agent always means by;
with the Ablative of Separation it means from, away from.

5. Review of Place Constructions
Ablative Case
1. Place Where (in in, on; sub under)
in terra sub imperio
on the earth under the power
2. Place from Which (a, ab from, away from; e, ex out of, from;
de down from, concerning, about)
ab aqua ex taberna de caelo
from the water out of the shop down from heaven

6. Review of Place Constructions
Accusative Case
3. Place to Which (ad to, toward, near; in into, against; sub up to).
ad Siciliam in silvam sub aquam
to Sicily into the forest up to the water

7. Review of Special Place Constructions
The names of cities, towns, small islands, the nouns domus (house)
and rus (country) do not use prepositions for the Accusative of Place
to Which or the Ablative of Place From Which.
Romam (not ad Romam) = to Rome
Roma (not ab Roma) = from Rome
With these same nouns the Ablative of Place Where is replaced
with the Locative of Place Where.
Locative Singular 1st declension = Genitive Singular
Locative Plural 1st Declension = Ablative Plural
Romae (not in Roma) = in Rome, at Rome
Athenis (not in Athenis) = in Athens, at Athens