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Image Bank
Foldables
Video Clips and Animations
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review Questions
Standardized Test Practice

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3. Image Bank
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4. Image Bank
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5. Image Bank
Ice Wedging

6. Image Bank
Ice Wedging

7. Image Bank
Ice Wedging

8. Image Bank
Tree Growing from Rock

9. Image Bank
Prairie Dog

10. Table – Rates of Weathering
Image Bank
Table – Rates of Weathering

11. Image Bank
Moss

12. Image Bank
Rusty Car

13. Table – Factors that Affect Soil Formation
Image Bank
Table – Factors that Affect Soil Formation

14. Image Bank
Rocky Hillside

15. Image Bank
Layers of Soil

16. Image Bank
Lichens on a Rock

17. Image Bank
Lush Landscape

18. Image Bank
Creep

19. Image Bank
Mudslide

20. Image Bank
Glacier

21. Image Bank
Continental Glaciers

22. Image Bank
Sand Dune

23. Image Bank
Storm Runoff

24. Image Bank
Mountain Stream

25. Image Bank
Delta

26. Weathering and Erosion
Foldables
Weathering and Erosion
Make the following Foldable to compare and contrast weathering and erosion.

27. Fold one sheet of paper lengthwise.
Foldables
Fold one sheet of paper lengthwise.

28. Foldables
Fold into thirds.

29. Unfold and draw overlapping ovals. Cut the top sheet along the folds.
Foldables
Unfold and draw overlapping ovals. Cut the top sheet along the folds.

30. Label the ovals as shown.
Foldables
Label the ovals as shown.

31. Construct a Venn Diagram
Foldables
Construct a Venn Diagram
As you read the chapter, list the characteristics unique to weathering under the left tab, those unique to erosion under the right tab, and those characteristics common to both under the middle tab.

32. Video Clips
Click image to view movie.

33. Video Clips
Click image to view movie.

34. Video Clips
Click image to view movie.

35. Weathering and Soil Formation
Reviewing Main Ideas 1
Weathering and Soil Formation
Weathering includes processes that break down rock.
During mechanical weathering, physical processes break rock into smaller pieces.
During chemical weathering, the chemical composition of rocks is changed.
Soil evolves over time from weathered rock. Parent rock, topography, climate, and organisms affect soil formation.

36. Erosion of Earth's Surface
Reviewing Main Ideas 2
Erosion of Earth's Surface
Erosion is the wearing away and removal of rock or sediment.
Agents of erosion include gravity, ice, wind, and water. Downslope movement of a portion of the land's surface is called mass movement.

37. Erosion of Earth's Surface
Reviewing Main Ideas 2
Erosion of Earth's Surface
All agents of erosion move rock and sediment. When energy of motion decreases, sediment is deposited.
Erosion and deposition determine the shape of the land.

38. Chapter Review
Question 1
Where would you be more likely to find soil high in organic matter? Why?
A. desert
B. grassland
C. polar
D. tropical
PS 2.1h

39. Chapter Review
Answer
Tropical areas are more likely to have soil high in organic matter because the humid climate creates warm, moist weather patterns. As plants and animals die and decay, humus forms. Humus is rich in organic matter and helps soil hold water and provides nutrients that help plants grow.

40. Question 2 Answer List the four agents of erosion.
Chapter Review
Question 2
List the four agents of erosion.
Answer
The four agents of erosion are gravity, ice, wind, and water.
PS 2.1i

41. Question 3 Which is an example of a chemical change?
Chapter Review
Question 3
Which is an example of a chemical change?
A. a rock eroded by acid
B. boiling water
C. evaporation
D. melting ice
PS 2.2h

42. Chapter Review
Answer
The answer is A. A chemical change occurs when the chemical composition of the original product changes. When carbonic acid comes into contact with certain rocks, the rocks dissolve and a new product is left in its place.

43. Chapter Review
Question 4
A large sandstone boulder is weathered to form several smaller sandstone boulders. What is this an example of?
A. acid dissolution
B. a change in state
C. a chemical change
D. a physical change
PS 2.1h

44. Chapter Review
Answer
The answer is D. The weathered rocks have the same chemical composition of the original rock, they have just been broken into smaller pieces over time.

45. Question 5 Answer What five factors affect soil formation?
Chapter Review
Question 5
What five factors affect soil formation?
Answer
Type of parent rock being weathered, topography of an area, climate, time, and organisms in the soil all affect soil formation.
PS 2.1h

46. Question 1 What occurs when heavy moisture saturates
Standardized Test Practice
Question 1
What occurs when heavy moisture saturates
sediments and causes them to flow downhill
over the ground’s surface?
PS 2.1h

47. A. creep B. mudflow C. rock slide D. slump Standardized Test Practice
PS 2.1h

48. Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is B. Mudflows are a mixture of water and sediment that flow downhill over the ground’s surface.

49. Question 2 Which is an accumulation of silt deposited by wind?
Standardized Test Practice
Question 2
Which is an accumulation of silt deposited by wind?
A. loess
B. outwash
C. rill
D. till
PS 2.1i

50. Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is A. Wind can blow fine sediment or silt. When this sediment is deposited, an accumulation called loess can blanket Earth’s surface.

51. Standardized Test Practice
Question 3
This photo of moss growing on a rock is an example of _______?
PS 2.1h

52. A. chemical weathering B. creep C. erosion D. mechanical weathering
Standardized Test Practice
A. chemical weathering
B. creep
C. erosion
D. mechanical
weathering
PS 2.1h

53. Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is A. Plant roots produce tannin which can form tannic acid. This acid can dissolve minerals in rock.

54. Standardized Test Practice
Question 4
What results when wind leaves behind particles that are too heavy to move?
A. abrasion
B. deflation
C. glacial deposition
D. sheet flow
PS 2.1i

55. Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is B. When wind blows over the land it lifts and carries small particles like silt and sand. Often, heavy rocks that are too heavy to be lifted by wind are left behind. This is called deflation.

56. Standardized Test Practice
Question 5
When storm water flows through a sewer it is an example of ________?
A. glacial erosion
B. gravitational erosion
C. sheet erosion
D. wind erosion
PS 2.1i

57. Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is C; thin sheets of water flow downhill and carry loose sediment with it.

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