1. Classification
Topic 5.5

2. Assessment Statements
5.5.1Outline the binomial system of nomenclature.
5.5.2 List seven levels in the hierarchy of taxa—kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species—using an example from two different kingdoms for each level.
5.5.3 Distinguish between the following phyla of plants, using simple external recognition features: bryophyta, filicinophyta, coniferophyta and angiospermophyta.
5.5.4 Distinguish between the following phyla of animals, using simple external recognition features: porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, annelida, mollusca and arthropoda.
5.5.5 Apply and design a key for a group of up to eight organisms.

3. binomial nomenclature
‘bi’ means two, ‘nomial’ means name, and ‘nomenclature’ refers to a system used to name things
Can you guess the common name of this animal?
Myrmecophaga tridactyla
Which means ‘eater of ants’ + ‘with three fingers’
Giant anteater of Central and South America
1st name is always capitalized and refers to genus
2nd name always begins with a small letter and refers to the species
Both are always written in italics (typed) or underlined (handwritten)

4. Carolus (Carl) Linnaeus
Systema Naturae listed and explained the binomial system of nomenclature for species which had been brought to him from all over the world
Reasons for putting living organisms into groups:
Trying to make sense of biosphere
Showing evolutionary links
Predicting characteristics shared by members of a group
Pill bug and woodlouse (Armadillidium vulgare)
Carolus (Carl) Linnaeus
What is one international advantage of the binomial nomenclature system?

5. Levels of organization then and now
1st organization: plants and animals
Now there are 5 kingdoms:
Plantae
Animalia
Fungi
Protoctista
Prokaryotae

6. seven levels in the hierarchy of taxa (subdivisions)
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
How will you remember the order of these taxa?
King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup
Taxa
Human
Garden pea
Kingdom
Animalia
Plantae
Phylum
Chordata
Angiospermae
Class
Mammalia
Dicotyledoneae
Order
Primate
Rosales
Family
Hominidae
Paplionaceae
Genus
Homo
Pisum
Species
sapiens
sativum
Other examples

7. Other methods of classifying
Feeding habits
Habitat
Daily activity
Risk
Anatomy

8. Distinguish between the following phyla of plants, using simple external recognition features:
Bryophyta
Filicinophyta
Coniferophyta
Angiospermophyta

9. Use a table to display the information you find.
To distinguish between these four phyla, divide them into two categories of characteristics.
Use a table to display the information you find.

10. Phylum
Vegetative characteristics
Reproductive characteristics
Bryophyta
Nonvascular
Spores transported by water
Filicinophyta
Vascular
Coniferophyta
Vascular with woody stems
Depend on wind pollination; seed cones with seed scales
Angiospermophyta
Vascular with flowers and fruit
Depend on animals for pollination; fruit holds seeds

11. Porifera Simple marine animals Sessile
Feed by pumping water their tissues to filter out food
No mouths or digestive tracts
No muscle
No nervous tissue
No distinct internal organs

12. Cnidaria Have stinging cells called nematocysts
Some sessile, others free-swimming, some can be both
Have a gastric pouch with only one opening

13. Platyhelminthes
Have a gut with one opening for food to enter and waste to exit
No heart or lungs
Exchange gases by diffusion
Includes tapeworm which can infest mammalian intestines

14. Annelida Segmented worms
Bodies are divided up into sections separated by rings
Have bristles on their bodies
Have a gastric tract with a mouth at one end and the intestines have an opening at the other end where wastes are released

15. Mollusca Many produce a shell using calcium
Usually has a muscular foot
One way digestive tract

16. Arthropoda Hard exoskeleton made of chitin Segmented bodies
Jointed limbs

17. Using a dichotomous key
Look at first pair of sentences describing a characteristic
Look at the organism to see if the particular characteristic described in the first line is present
If yes, then go to the end of the line and follow the number given; If no, go to the second statement end of line and follow the number given
Keep going until the end of the line has a name instead of a number