1. Industrial Revolution
Section 19.1
Joey Martinek, Jessica Staley, Nathan Grundmeier

2. The agricultural revolution
Before the 1600’s, most farmers were allotted a plot or strip of land for cultivating their own food
Farmers combined small strips of land to form larger holdings
To preserve soil fertility, people would use crop rotation; a process were crops such as wheat and barely are planted the first year and then turnips the next

3. Factors of production
The basic resources necessary for industrialization are factors of production: land, capital, and labor
When economists speak of land, they are referring to all natural resources
In addition to land and capital, Great Britain had and abundant supply of labor

4. The textile industry
The Domestic system is a system in which men and women work in their homes
The use of automatic machinery to increase production is mechanization
1733, an engineer named John Kay invented the flying shuttle, a cord mechanism that moved the woof thread more rapidly through the loom

5. Steam Engines Water power drove early machines and factories
This forced factories to be near a river or stream the have machinery
In 1712 Thomas Newcomen made the first steam engine, inefficient
The Newcomen engine was first used to pump water out of mines
In 1769 James Watt made the modern steam engine, more efficient than the Newcomen engine

6. Iron and steel Iron Steel
More machines being made, increased demand for iron
Wood and charcoal were originally used to smelt ore to separate iron
The discovery of coal greatly impacted ore processing, because it was more efficient
Great Britain had a huge advantage, had lots of coal and iron deposits
Steel
Many early steam engines couldn’t handle the extreme pressure and commonly exploded
Steel was created in the 1800’s, by removing impurities in iron
Steel was stronger than iron, and could handle the pressure of steam
In 1850’s ,a new and cheaper way of making steel was found, by forcing air through molten iron

7. Industrialization in other fields
British manufacturers introduced power-driven machinery in many different industries
New inventions were efficient and had useful by-products
By-products such as coke(from coal) was used in iron smelting as a better fuel
1800’s rubber was more available and was used in water proof shoes and coats
1839 Charles Goodyear found a new process of curing rubber called vulcanizing
In the 1800’s oil was very common
Crude oil or petroleum was used to produce candles, machine lubricant, and kerosene for light and heat

8. Transportation
Roads- trails with thick dust in dry weather and buried in deep slippery mud in wet weather
John McAdam worked out a new way of building roads by layering small stones on top of large stones to bind them together
1829, George Stephenson perfected a steam propelled moving engine, or locomotive, that ran on rails
Robert Fulton was the first engineer to put a steam engine on a ship
1807, first steam boat launched on the Hudson river

9. Communications revolution
Scientific research played a significant role in the development of tech in communication
1800,first battery built by Alessandra Volta
1820’s, Andre’ Ampe’re discovered the principles of governing the magnetic effects of an electric current
Using Volta’s and Ampe’re’s work, Samuel Morse created the Morse Code

10. The spread of industry The spread of industry in Europe was very slow
Germany lacked a strong central government, making industry slow
1870’s , Germany was unified and industrialization increased
United Stated had everything for industrial development, including: coal, iron, and oil
Large movement across the U.S, the First Transcontinental Railroad connected the East to the West
The invention of the cotton gin enabled the Southern states to supply cotton to the British textile industry
Invention of the McCormick reaper, a machine for harvesting grain, freed many farmers from the slow back- breaking work of cutting individual stalks with sickles/scythes

11. Quiz

12. How would farmers conserve soil?
Not planting seeds
Building houses on the land
Crop rotation
More crops planted at once

13. What are basic factors of production?
Producing items
The assembly line
Process in which men and women work at home
Basic resources necessary for industrialization

14. What is the domestic system?
The system in which people could end domestic violence
The process in which men & women work from home
The process in which men & women work in a factory
Common wealth

15. When was the newcomen engine invented?
1712
1801
1738
1769

16. Why did great Britain have a large advantage in the ir?
They had a lot of money
They had the dankest memes
They had a lot of coal and iron
They had a large military

17. Who invented the process of vulcanizing?
Carpenter Man
Mao Zedong
Ken Bone
Charles Goodyear

18. Who perfected the steam propelled locomotive?
George Stephenson
Robert Fulton
Eli Whitney
John McAdam

19. Who was the first engineer to put a steam engine on a boat?
George Stephenson
Robert Fulton
John McAdam
McCormick

20. Why was industry slow in Germany?
War
Germany didn’t use Morse Code
Lack of a central government
Germany didn’t use the Domestic System