1. Chapter 1 Physical Science 09-10
The Nature of Science
Chapter 1
Physical Science 09-10

2. Objectives 1-1 Explain and use the steps of the scientific method
1-2 Determine the variables in a scientific experiment
1-3 Analyze a graph
1-4 Identify the prefixes and meanings of the prefixes within the metric system
1-5 Define and list the base units for the 6 basic measuring units
1-6 Explain the difference between mass and weight
1-7 Read measuring tools correctly
1-8 Convert between units

3. Scientific Method
Section 1

4. Objectives 1-1 Explain and use the steps of the scientific method
1-2 Determine the variables in a scientific experiment

5. Order State the problem Research & gather info Form a hypothesis
Test hypothesis
Analyze data
Draw conclusion

6. 1. State the problem Asks why or how
What needs to be solved or made better

7. 2. Research & Gather Info Background info on problem
Things you need to know about the problem
Materials needed to solve the problem

8. 3. Hypothesis DEF: educated guess Possible explanation
Must be testable

9. 4. Testing hypothesis
Make a model
Observation
Experiment

10. 5. Analyze data Easily done with properly organized data
Share thru reports and conferences
Used to make conclusions and decisions

11. 6. Drawing conclusions
Decide whether or not you supported your hypothesis
Need multiple trials to truly support

12. If hypothesis is incorrect If hypothesis is correct
State the problem
Gather information
Form a hypothesis
Experiment
Analyze data
Draw a conclusion
If hypothesis is incorrect
If hypothesis is correct

13. Experiments have 2 variables
Independent (IV)
Factor adjusted by YOU!
What you are testing
Typically a tangible item
Put on the X-axis

14. Experiments have 2 variables
Dependent (DV)
Factor that changes based on IV
You don’t control this
Outcome
Measurable
RESULTS
Put on the Y-axis

15. Experiments have Don’t change during each trial
Constants
Don’t change during each trial
Helps keep results accurate

16. Experiments have Standard by which the test results are compared
Control
Standard by which the test results are compared

17. Mr. Krabs created a secret ingredient for a breath mint that he thinks will “cure” the bad breath people get from eating crabby patties at the Krusty Krab. He asked 100 customers with a history of bad breath to try his new breath mint. He had fifty customers (Group A) eat a breath mint after they finished eating a crabby patty. The other fifty (Group B) also received a breath mint after they finished the sandwich, however, it was just a regular breath mint and did not have the secret ingredient. Both groups were told that they were getting the breath mint that would cure their bad breath. Two hours after eating the crabby patties, thirty customers in Group A and ten customers in Group B reported having better breath than they normally had after eating crabby patties.

18. Practice Situation 1 - Krusty Krabs Breath Mints
Independent Variable (what did you change)
Dependent Variable(what were you measuring)
Control (what were we comparing your data to)
Constants (what had to stay the same)

19. Graphing
Section 2

20. Objectives
1-3 Analyze a graph

21. Can see trends easily Detect patterns Why do you use a graph?
Visual display of data
Can see trends easily
Understand complex patterns
Detect patterns

22. 3 types Line - Show trends/Show changes over time
Bar - Comparing information
Pie/circle - Fixed quantity broken down

23. All graphs need Your name
Title (specific to what the graph is displaying)
Keys for multiple information
To use as much of the paper as possible

24. Line Graphs Need: Axis labels Dots connected by line
X and y axis
Dots connected by line
Key for multiple information

26. Special Notes Make dots noticeable
DO NOT connect the line to the origin if you do not start at zero on both axis
Complete on graph paper (not lined notebook paper)

27. Use the following data to make a line graph in your notes
Days
Height of Plant (inches) 1 .5 2
1.5 3 4
3.75 5
5.25 6
7.25 7 9 8
105
12.75 10 15
Use the following data to make a line graph in your notes

28. Bar Graphs Axis labels Shaded bars Key for multiple information Need:
X and y axis
Shaded bars
Key for multiple information

30. Special Notes DO NOT start first bar directly on the y-axis
Make sure bars are at least 2 grids in width
Evenly space the bars
Color/Shade all bars (if it is the same information shade in the same colors)
Complete on graph paper (not lined notebook paper)

31. Determine Graph Scale Count lines of graph paper
Round your highest data point to a whole number 1 above
Divide the data whole number by the number of lines on your graph
This is how much each line is worth

32. Use the following data to complete a bar graph in your notes
Classroom
High temperature
Low temperature A 20 18 B 23 C 19
Classroom temperatures

33. Circle Graph AKA: Pie
Need:
Sections = 100%
KEY

34. KEY

35. Use the following data to make a pie graph in your notes
Type of food
Percentage of students
Soup
27%
Pizza 6%
Spaghetti
35%
Tacos
20%
Steak and potatoes
12%
Favorite foods

36. Measuring
Section 3

37. Objectives
1-4 Identify the prefixes and meanings of the prefixes within the metric system
1-5 Define and list the base units for the 6 basic measuring units
1-6 Explain the difference between mass and weight
1-7 Read measuring tools correctly

38. Length m – meter cm – centimeter km - kilometer
DEF: distance between 2 points
Base Unit
m – meter
Other common units
cm – centimeter
km - kilometer

39. Volume Solid cm3 – centimeter cubed m3 – meter cubed
DEF: how much space an object takes up
Units
Solid cm3 – centimeter cubed
m3 – meter cubed
Liquid - l – liter

40. Mass g – gram (BASE) mg – milligram kg - kilogram
DEF: amount of matter in an object
Units
g – gram (BASE)
mg – milligram
kg - kilogram

41. Weight Changes when you change the amount of gravity pulling.
DEF: The force of gravity on an object
Changes when you change the amount of gravity pulling.
Units
N - newton

42. Temperature °C – celsius K – kelvin DEF: how hot or cold an object is
Units
°C – celsius
K – kelvin

43. Density g/cm3 – grams per centimeter cubed g/ml – gram per milliliter
DEF: how tightly packed the particles in matter are
Units
g/cm3 – grams per centimeter cubed
g/ml – gram per milliliter

44. Scale increments
To read a scale need to know the increments

45. Practice 1

46. Practice 2

47. Practice 3

48. Practice 4

49. Practice 5

50. Practice 6

51. Practice 7

52. Converting between 2 units
Move your decimal equal to the number of steps it is between 2 units.
Move your decimal to the left or right as necessary

53. Metric Unit

54. Examples 18.4 cm  _____________m 52 cm  _____________mm
67 cm  _____________km
13 mL  _____________cL
53 mL  _____________dL
18 mL  _____________L

55. Now- finish the examples in your packet!!!!
183 mL  _____________hL
20 mL  _____________kL
155.5 g  _____________mg
272.2 g  _____________kg
71.8 g  _____________dkg
239 mL  _____________L