1. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1: QUALITATIVE

2. Review Time
Talkie Time: Research worth Sharing

3. Lesson 2, Objectives : The learner
4. differentiates quantitative from qualitative research
5. provide examples of research in areas of interest (arts, humanities, sports, science,
business, agriculture and fisheries, information and communication technology, and social
inquiry)

4. Tell whether the following is an IP topic or not: 1
Tell whether the following is an IP topic or not: 1. Effects of Typhoon 2. Digestion process due to exercise 3. sleeping patterns of birds 4. skipping rope 5. perception of Mandaya tribe 6. pin pricking effects 7. ticking of the clock 8. flying kites 9. wild berries ink 10. behavioral patterns 11. breast walking with music 12. breast walking in park 13. moon and behavior 14. bread and butter 15. grades and teaching

5. Let the students identify whether the following is a quantitative or qualitative research:
1.Metacognitive skills Stress level
2. love and hate relationship Stressors
3.emotional quotient Aggression-reaction
4.intelligent quotient Technical skills
5. factors affecting drop out Behavior pattern

6. What is qualitative research?
Qualitative research is a type of scientific research. In general terms, scientific research consists of an investigation that:
• seeks answers to a question
• systematically uses a predefined set of procedures to answer the question
• collects evidence
• produces findings that were not determined in advance
• produces findings that are applicable beyond the immediate boundaries of the study
Qualitative research is especially effective in obtaining culturally specific information about the values, opinions, behaviors, and social contexts of particular populations.

7. Qualitative Research
McMillan and Schumacher (2003) defined qualitative research as, “primarily an inductive process of organizing data into categories and identifying patterns (relationships) among categories.” This definition implies that data and meaning emerge “organically” from the research context.
Also called : interpretive research, naturalistic research, phenomenological research

8. Qualitative Research
‘Qualitative Research…involves finding out what people think, and how they feel - or at any rate, what they say they think and how they say they feel. This kind of information is subjective. It involves feelings and impressions, rather than numbers’
Bellenger, Bernhardt and Goldstucker, Qualitative Research in Marketing, American Marketing Association

9. Comparing Quantitative and Qualitative Research
What are the basic differences between quantitative and qualitative research methods?
Quantitative and qualitative research methods differ primarily in:
• their analytical objectives
• the types of questions they pose
• the types of data collection instruments they use
• the forms of data they produce
• the degree of flexibility built into study design

10. Quantitative Qualitative
General framework
Seek to confirm hypotheses about phenomena
Seek to explore phenomena
Instruments use more rigid style
Instruments use more flexible,
of eliciting and categorizing
iterative style of eliciting and
responses to questions
categorizing responses to questions
Use highly structured methods
Use semi-structured methods such
such as questionnaires, surveys,
as in-depth interviews, focus
and structured observation
groups, and participant observation
Analytical objectives
To quantify variation
To describe variation
To predict causal relationships
To describe and explain relationships
To describe characteristics of a
To describe individual experiences
population
To describe group norms
Question format
Closed-ended
Open-ended
Data format
Numerical (obtained by assigning numerical values to responses)
Textual (obtained from audiotapes, videotapes, and field notes)

11. Flexibility in study design
Study design is stable from
Some aspects of the study are
beginning to end
flexible (for example, the addition,
exclusion, or wording of particular
interview questions)
Participant responses do not
Participant responses affect how
influence or determine how and
and which questions researchers
which questions researchers ask
ask next
next
Study design is subject to
Study design is iterative, that is,
statistical assumptions and
data collection and research
conditions
questions are adjusted according
to what is learned

12. Qualitative vs Quantitative

13. Conservation and Environment Safety Health and Welfare
How do you apply The Research Thrusts of 21st century
Conservation and Environment Safety
Health and Welfare
Food Production and Sustainability
Culture and Arts
Social Awareness
Technology and Development