1. Nu_2-WP3: R&D for neutrinoless double beta decay experiments
FJPPL meeting, May
Paris
F. Piquemal ( CEN Bordeaux Gradignan
and Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane)
France: J. Argyriades, R. Arnold, G. Broudin, S. Jullian,
Ch. Marquet, F. Mauger, F. Piquemal, J-S Ricol,
L. Simard, X. Sarazin
Labs : LAL Orsay, CEN Bordeaux-Gradignan, LPC Caen, IPHC Strasbourg
Japan:N. Ishihara, Y. Yamada, M. Nomachi, H. Ohsumi,H. Ejiri,
K. Fushimi, R. Hazama,Y. Sugaya
Labs: KEK, Osaka U., Saga U., RCNP/OSAKA, U. Tokushima,
Hiroshima U.

2. Double Beta decay: physics case
- Leptonic number violation
- Nature of neutrino : Dirac (n n) or Majorana (n =n)
- Absolute neutrino mass and neutrino mass hierarchy
Right-handed current interaction
CP violation in leptonic sector
Search of Supersymmetry and new particles

3. Neutrinoless Double Beta decay
(A,Z) (A,Z+2) + 2 e-
Discovery implies DL=2 and Majorana neutrino
Process: parameters
Light neutrino exchange
<mn>
(V+A) current
<mn>,<l>,<h>
Majoron emission
<gM>
SUSY
l’111,l’113l’131,…..
T1/2= F(Qbb,Z) |M|2 <mn>2 -1
Phase space factor
Nuclear matrix element
Effective mass:
<mn>= m1|Ue1|2 + m2|Ue2|2.eia1 + m3|Ue3|2.eia2
|Uei|: mixing matrix element
a1 et a2: Majorana phase 5

4. bb(0n) observables
From G. Gratta

5. bb(0n) observables Light neutrino exchange V+A current
Minimum electron
energy
MeV
MeV
Angular distribution
betwen the 2 electrons
Cosq
Cosq

6. <mn> current and future limits. HM
Cuoricino
NEMO3
Klapdor
claim
Limits in 2009
HM,NEMO3,
Inverted hierarchy
Normal hierarchy
Degenerated
Expected limits
2011– 2015
CUORE,GERDA,
Majorana,
SuperNEMO,
EXO, DCBA,
CANDLEs….
Use of « latest NME » for all experiments

7. Japanese – french collaboration on DBD
France and Japan have several experiments or projects for
double beta decay searches with tracko-calo (e- identification)
or calorimeter detectors
Collaboration started in 2000 on tracko-calo
Common subjects: bb sources, low background, calorimeter
- Sources production and purification
- Very low background measurements: BiPo detector
- Radon detectors
- Calorimeter R&D for energy resolution improvement
- Electronics
- Analysis (NEMO 3)

8. Collaborative work NEMO3 analysis Saga U. Saga U. BiPo  MOON
NEMO/SuperNEMO collaboration
LAL
LPC Caen
CENBG
IPHC
Saga U.
NEMO3 analysis
Common R&D
LAL
CENBG
Radon detector
Saga U.
Tracko-calo
detector design
BiPo  MOON
Calorimeter
Electronics
LAL
LPC Caen
CENBG
Osaka U.
Tokushima U.
Hiroshima U.
DCBA D&D
KEK

9. e- e- NEMO 3: Neutrino Ettore Majorana Observatory
(France, UK, Spain, Russia, USA, Japan, Czech Republic,Ukraine, Finland)
Tracking detector: drift chamber (6180 Geiger cell)
t = 5 mm, z = 1 cm ( vertex )
Calorimeter (1940 plastic scintillators– Low radioactive PMTs)
Energy Resolution FWHM=14% (1 MeV)
Shielding against gammas and neutrons
Magnetic field for charge identification
High radiopurity materials
Identification e-,e+,
Efficiency : 8% [2.7 – 3.2] MeV
Running at Modane underground laboratory since 2003
Multi-source detector
Unique feature: measurement of all kinematic
parameters: individual energies and angular distribution
Bckg
sourcesthicknessmg/cm2)
82Se (0,93 kg) E1
event
 e-
Vertex e-
E1+E2= 2088 keV
t= 0.22 ns
(vertex) = 2.1 mm E2

10. NEMO3: bb(0n) results for 100Mo
Phase I, High radon
7.6 kg.yr
Phase II, Low radon
5.7 kg.yr
Phase I + II
13.3 kg.yr
Number of events / 40 keV
Number of events / 40 keV
Number of events / 40 keV
[ ] MeV: e(bb0n) = 8 %
Expected bkg = 8.1 events
Nobserved = 7 events
[ ] MeV: e(bb0n) = 8 %
Expected bkg = 3.0 events
Nobserved = 4 events
[ ] MeV: e(bb0n) = 8 %
Expected bkg = 11.1 events
Nobserved = 11 events
Phases I + II
T1/2(bb0n) > yr (90 % C.L.) <mn> < 0.6 – 1.3 eV
T1/2(bb0n) > yr (90 % CL) <mn> < 0.3 –0.7 eV
Expected in 2009

11. From NEMO-3 to SuperNEMONA
M    Tobs
T1/2 () > ln 2   A
N90
NEMO-3
SuperNEMO
isotope
100Mo
150Nd or 82Se
7 kg kg
isotope mass M
8 %
efficiency 
~ 30 %
internal contaminations
208Tl and 214Bi in the foil
208Tl: < 20 Bq/kg
214Bi: < 300 Bq/kg
208Tl < Bq/kg
if 82Se: 214Bi < 10 Bq/kg
energy resolution (FWHM)
3MeV
3 MeV
T1/2() > 2 x 1024 y
<m> < 0.3 – 1.3 eV
T1/2() > 2 x 1026 y
<m> < meV

12. SuperNEMO Collaboration
~ 90 physicists, 12 countries, 27 laboratories
Marocco
Fes U
Japan
U Saga
U Osaka
USA
MHC
INL
U Texas UK
UCL
U Manchester
Imperial College
Finland
U Jyvaskula
Poland
U Warsaw
Russia
JINR Dubna
ITEP Mosow
Kurchatov Institute
Ukraine
INR Kiev
ISMA Kharkov
France
CEN Bordeaux
IReS Strasbourg
LAL ORSAY
LPC Caen
LSCE Gif/Yvette
Slovakia
(U. Bratislava)
Spain
U Valencia
U Saragossa
U Barcelona
Czech Republic
Charles U Praha
IEAP Praha

13. SuperNEMO project Tracko-calo with 100 kg of 82Se or 150Nd
(France, UK, Russia, Spain, USA, Japan, Czech Republic,Ukraine, Finland)
Tracko-calo with 100 kg of 82Se or 150Nd
(possibility to produce 150Nd with the French AVLIS facility ?)
T½ > yr <mn> < 0.05 – 0.09 eV
Modules based on the NEMO3 principle
Measurements of energy sum, angular distribution
and individual electron energy
3 years R&D program: improvement of energy resolution
Increase of efficiency
Background reduction
…….
100 kg 20 modules
2009: TDR
2011: commissioning and data taking of first modules in Canfranc (Spain) ?
2013: Full detector running in LSM ?

14. SuperNEMO Status - Large Scale R&D funded by France, UK and Spain
Possibility to produce 100 kg of 150Nd with laser enrichment method under study
Test of tracker prototype and design of automatic winring robot
Prototype of BiPo detector to measure contaminations in thin
source foils with 1uBq/kg sensitivity running in Modane
underground laboratory (France)
7% FWHM at 1 MeV reached for individual plastic and liquid scintillator samples.
R&D towards bigger block sizes and large production scale underway
- Simulations in progress

15. SuperNEMO: BiPo detector principle
Radiopurity measurement of 10m² of foils (40 mg/cm²) with sensitivity in a month :
< 2 µBq/kg for 208Tl and < 10 µBq/kg for 214Bi - bulk contamination β α
(164 µs)
238U
214Bi
(19.9 mn)
210Tl
(1.3 mn)
214Po
210Pb
22.3 y
0.021% 
(300 ns)
232Th
212Bi
(60.5 mn)
208Tl
(3.1 mn)
212Po
208Pb
(stable)
36%
Bi-Po effect
2 prototypes: BiPo1 and BiPo2
Japan involve in BiPo development
based on the MOON experience
MOON 1

16. Design of the optical guides by MC & test bench
SuperNEMO: BiPo II detector e α
Design of the optical guides by MC & test bench
At every step, extreme precaution with the radiopurity of the processes and the materials.
/15
2. BiPo II Proto
3. Prel. study
DAQ
4. Future sch.

17. SuperNEMO: BiPo II detector
BiPo 1 running in Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (Fréjus)
BiPo2 in test In LAL Orsay, in LSM in few weeks

18. DCBA R&D

19. DCBA R&D

20. DCBA R&D

21. Summary Previous activities: - NEMO 3 analysis of 48Ca
- Radon detector (sensitivity 1 mBq/m3)
- Energy resolution measurement of scintillator plates at CENBG
- Test of vertex localisation with MOON prototype in Osaka
- Test of BiPo2 in LAL Orsay and installation of BiPo 1 in LSM
- Low radioactive techniques
On-going activities:
- NEMO 3 analysis
-bb sources
- Calorimeter R&D: Energy resolution improvements and electronics
- BiPo contruction, running and analysis