1. BELLRINGER
What do you know about different types of waves? How many different types can you think of?

2. Intro To Waves
Chapter 9

3. WHAT IS A WAVE?
Wave: A regular pattern of motion created by vibrations or a disturbance.
Waves usually move through matter (anything with mass), but some waves (like light, AKA electromagnetic waves) can move through a vacuum (like outer space)

4. MOVEMENT of a WAVE
Most waves travel through matter (anything with mass), this matter is called a medium: A gas, liquid, or solid substance through which a wave can travel.
When a wave travels through a medium, it causes particles to oscillate: A repeating and regular motion (back and forth motion)
Waves cause particles to “oscillate” across a certain point which is called equilibrium: defined as the resting position of the particle before the disturbance.
Periodic waves: Waves that move at constant speed and oscillate regularly.

5. WAVES TRANSFER ENERGY NOT MATTER:
WHEN YOU SEE A WAVE MOVE THROUGH A SUBSTANCE, YOU ARE SEEING ENERGY MOVE THROUGH THE MEDIUM,
A wave does NOT transfer matter. Instead, it causes particles in matter to move up and down (or back and forth).
Since these particles always return to their original position, or “Equilibrium” there is technically no “NET” movement, Let me explain.

6. MECHANICAL WAVES: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yd- G6KYwzvA
vZINSEY
As you saw in the videos, there are two main types of mechanical waves, transverse and longitudinal.
Transverse waves: Particles move up and down (like ocean waves)
Longitudinal Wave: particles move back and forth (like sound waves)

7. MECHANICAL WAVES “NOTES”
Mechanical waves: waves produced by a mechanical movement or vibrations (sound waves, seismic waves during earthquakes, ocean waves)
REQUIRE MEDIUM (MOVE THROUGH MATTER)- they cannot travel through a vacuum (outer space)
Transfer energy through collisions of particles, once a particle is disturbed it bumps into another one, which bumps into a third particle and so on.

8. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES “NOTES”
Electromagnetic waves (EM): created by oscillations of electric and magnetic fields
Carry electromagnetic energy
DO NOT REQUIRE MEDIUM- can travel through outer space
RADIANT energy like light, UV, Infrared, radio waves ect.

9. REVIEW QUESTION What is a wave?
The transfer of matter from one location to another
A regular patter of motion created by a vibration or disturbance
An irregular pattern of motion created by a vibrating object
An irregular movement of energy across a vacuum

10. REVIEW QUESTION What is an oscillation?
A regular motion that occurs only once
A regular and repeating motion
And irregular motion that occurs only once
An irregular repeating motion

11. REVIEW QUESTION A PERIODIC WAVE: Travels at a constant speed
Travels with regular oscillations
Travels for only a short period of time
Both A and B

12. REVIEW QUESTION
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MECHANICAL WAVES AND ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES?
___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________

13. PART 2: TYPES OF WAVES
Remember that there are two main classifications of waves: Mechanical vs. Electromagnetic waves
Mechanical waves are created by a vibrating object or a disturbance (like a rock hitting the surface of a calm lake)
Electromagnetic Waves are created by oscillations (review your definitions) of electric and magnetic fields. (like light, radio waves, microwaves, infrared & ultraviolet waves)

14. Mechanical Waves: 3 Main Classifications of Mechanical waves:
Transverse Waves: particles of the medium move perpendicular (90 degrees) to the direction of the wave. (up-and-down when the wave moves left or right)
Longitudinal: Particles oscillate parallel (in the same direction) as the wave itself.
Sound waves, Pressure waves after a big explosion.

15. Mechanical Waves Surface (AKA Orbital) waves:
A combination of the transverse+longitudinal
Usually travel along the surface of a medium (like ocean waves or Seismic waves during an earthquake)
Particles oscillate both perpendicular and parallel to the motion of the wave, this combination results in a circular motion.

17. Review Questions:
How do particles oscillate in a transverse wave?
Perpendicular to the motion of the wave
Parallel to the motion of the wave
In a circular motion
Diagonally to the motion of the wave

18. Review Questions:
How do particles oscillate in a Longitudinal wave?
Perpendicular to the motion of the wave
Parallel to the motion of the wave
In a circular motion
Diagonally to the motion of the wave

19. Review Questions:
How do particles oscillate in an Orbital (AKA surface) wave?
Perpendicular to the motion of the wave
Parallel to the motion of the wave
In a circular motion
Diagonally to the motion of the wave

20. What type of waves only travel along the surface of a medium?
Review Questions:
What type of waves only travel along the surface of a medium?
Transverse Waves
Logitudinal Waves
Surface Waves
Top Waves

21. Review Questions:
How is a surface wave similar to a transverse wave AND longitudinal wave? How is it Different?
_________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________

22. PART 3: WAVE PROPERTIES (GRAPHING WAVES)
The easiest way to understand the properties of waves is to draw their graph,
Cut out page numbered 27 in your waves packet as instructed and glue it to you notebook.

24. Graphing Waves X-axis (horizontal) = length of time
Y-axis (vertical) = measure of height
X-axis at y = 0 is defined as EQUILBRIUM (review your vocab)

25. AMPLITUDE:
The Height of a wave
Measured from equilibrium to the top of the peak (or CREST), not from trough to crest.
Related to the energy of the wave, the higher the amplitude, the greater the energy carried by the wave.

26. WAVELENGTH ( ) The Length of one Wave Cycle
Wave Cycle: one complete path of a wave.
The distance from Crest to Crest or Trough to Trough on consecutive waves.
Measured in meters

27. Period
The amount of time it takes for one full wavelength to pass by a specific point (Wave Cycle).
Periodic waves have a Period that doesn’t change.

28. FREQUENCY Equals 1/PERIOD
Defined as the Number of Waves to pass by a specific point in a Specific amount of time
Normally measured in Hertz (Hz), or wave cycle per second

29. REVIEW QUESTIONS