1. Biogeography & Phylogeography
Three minute video
Brian O’Meara EEB464 Fall 2013

2. Learning objectives: Understand
Continental drift
Dispersal and vicariance
Major biogeographic events
Phylogeography
Perils of methods
Uses of phylogeography

3. 1912: Alfred Wegener proposes continental drift, Pangaea
“Reaction to Wegener's theory was almost uniformly hostile, and often exceptionally harsh and scathing.... Part of the problem was that Wegener had no convincing mechanism for how the continents might move.... Another problem was that flaws in Wegener's original data caused him to make some incorrect and outlandish predictions Wegener's theory found more scattered support after his death, but the majority of geologists continued to believe in static continents and land bridges.”
Patterns of preserved geomagnetism found in the 1950s and 1960s provided evidence that this was right

6. Ronquist. Dispersal-vicariance analysis: A new approach to the quantification of historical biogeography. Syst Biol (1997) vol. 46 (1) pp

7. Late Triassic (220Ma)
Dr. Ron Blakey

8. Early Jurassic (200 MYA)
Dr. Ron Blakey

9. Early Cretaceous (120 MYA)
Dr. Ron Blakey

10. KT boundary (65 MYA)
Dr. Ron Blakey
Asteroid image from David Hardy

11. Chris Jin

14. Great American Biotic Interchange (~2.7 MYA)

15. The Smithsonian Institution/Carl Hansen and Nancy Knowlton

16. Island Biogeography: MacArthur & Wilson
Figures from

17. Maximilian Dörrbecker

18. The Late Pleistocene Dispersal of Modern Humans in the Americas Ted Goebel, et al. Science 319, 1497 (2008)

19. Avise et al. (1987)

20. Avise et al. (1987)

21. Templeton et al. (1995)

22. Templeton et al. (1995)
Templeton et al. (1995)

23. Knowles and Maddison (2002)

24. Knowles and Maddison (2002)

25. Knowles and Maddison (2002)

26. Knowles and Maddison (2002)

27. Knowles and Maddison (2002)

28. Knowles (2009)

29. Knowles (2009)

30. Lemmon & Lemmon (2008)

31. Lemmon & Lemmon (2008)

32. Photo ©Alex Wild, Myrmecos.net
Tsutsui et al. (2001)
©Alex Wild