1. Linux Operating System Architecture
X Window
Word Processing, Web Browsing, File Access, etc.
Windows Management
Memory Management
File Systems
Device Control
Network Control
Linux Operating System Architecture
Process Management
Kernel
Operating
System
Platform Dependent Code
RAM and Swap
Block Data Drivers
Character Data Drivers
Network Interface Drivers
CPU
RAM
Disk Drives
Serial and Parallel Ports
Network Interfaces
Computer
Hardware
Computer
Hardware

2. Word Processing, Web Browsing, File Access, etc.
X Window
Word Processing, Web Browsing, File Access, etc.
Windows Management

3. X Windows & Windows Manager
The graphical user interface (GUI) is the point and click environment with which most Windows users are familiar. In Linux, GUI can be many different interfaces (KDE, GNOME and more).
The X Window GUI is started early in order to control the input device (keyboard, mouse, etc…) and the output (computer monitor).
The Windows Manager allows you to create, move, minimize and transfer between windows on the desktop.

4. Platform Dependent Code RAM and Swap Block Data Drivers
Memory Management
File Systems
Device Control
Network Control
Process Management
Kernel
Operating
System
Platform Dependent Code
RAM and Swap
Block Data Drivers
Character Data Drivers
Network Interface Drivers
CPU
RAM
Disk Drives
Serial and Parallel Ports
Network Interfaces
Computer
Hardware
Computer
Hardware

5. LINUX KERNEL
The Kernel is the “core” of a Linux operating system. Without it you have a box with useless hardware that generates heat.
The purpose of the Linux Kernel is to manage all hardware, programs and control all system communications.
The Kernel refers to a running program as a process. The Kernel, starts/stops the process, manages its communications and coordinates its access of hardware resources.

6. Platform Dependent Code RAM and Swap Block Data Drivers
Memory Management
File Systems
Device Control
Network Control
Process Management
Kernel
Operating
System
Platform Dependent Code
RAM and Swap
Block Data Drivers
Character Data Drivers
Network Interface Drivers
RAM
Disk Drives
Computer
Hardware
Computer
Hardware

7. LINUX KERNEL - Memory
One primary function of the Operating System is memory management. That includes not only physical memory (RAM) but also the virtual memory swap area.
When a process is started, its code is loaded into RAM as pages by memory management to allow the program to execute (run).
As the RAM area fills with additional processes, memory management moves the code for less active processes to the hard drive swap area.

8. Platform Dependent Code Virtual Memory “Swap” Block Data Drivers
Memory Management
File Systems
Device Control
Network Control
Process Management
Kernel
Operating
System
Platform Dependent Code
Virtual Memory “Swap”
Block Data Drivers
Character Data Drivers
Network Interface Drivers
Disk Drives
Network Interfaces
Computer
Hardware
Computer
Hardware

9. LINUX KERNEL – File System
The file system manager supports over a dozen different types of file systems by providing read and write functions between the various disk drives and active applications.
The Linux kernel interfaces with the various file systems on the computer using a Virtual File System scheme to present the different systems as one file system.

10. Platform Dependent Code Virtual Memory “Swap” Block Data Drivers
Memory Management
File Systems
Device Control
Network Control
Process Management
Kernel
Operating
System
Platform Dependent Code
Virtual Memory “Swap”
Block Data Drivers
Character Data Drivers
Network Interface Drivers
Disk Drives
Serial and Parallel Ports
Network Interfaces
Computer
Hardware
Computer
Hardware

11. LINUX KERNEL – Hardware
Hardware management is the process of controlling communications between the Operating System and the hardware devise.
This communication is facilitated with the use of an additional bit of software known as a device driver that is specifically designed for the particular hardware device.
The device driver is installed within the Linux kernel to directly interface with the hardware it was designed to support.

12. LINUX KERNEL – Hardware
The Operating System communicates with all device drivers over the internal bus and depends on the device driver to do the conversion needed to communicate with its particular hardware device.
Device drivers transmit and receive data to and from the hardware device in these formats:
Character - data passed one character at a time.
Block - data passed as blocks of multiple characters.
Network – data passed as multiple character packets with control characters.

13. Software Windows Cost Linux Windows XP $104 Ububtu $0 Windows Office
MS Word
MS Excel
MS Power Point
MS Access
MS Publisher
MS Outlook
$330
Open Office .org
Writer
Calc
Impress
Base
Draw
Thunderbird (separate)
Photo Shop
$190
GIMP
Grand Total
$624