1. RADIOLOGY BONE DISEASE
Imaging technique
I.plain bone radiograph :
Radiological X.ray sings of bone disease :
1.decrease in bone density , it can be focal or generalized

2. 2-increase bone density ( sclerosis ) can also be focal or generalized

3. 3-periosteal reaction

4. 4- cortical thickening

5. 5. alteration in trabecular pattern

6. II. U/S in musculoskeletal disease III. radionuclide bone scanning
6- alteration in the shape of bone e.g acromegaly
7- alteration in bone age
II. U/S in musculoskeletal disease
III. radionuclide bone scanning

7. IV. computed tomography in bone disease (CT scan ) :
1.Demonestrating abnormality in the pelvis and spine
2.Demonstrating the extent & characterization of bone tumour in selected cases to complement MRI
3.As gide of bone biopsy

8. .demonstrate disc herniation and spinal cord or nerve root compression
V.MRI (magnetic resonance imaging in bone disease ):
.demonstrate disc herniation and spinal cord or nerve root compression
. to diagnose bone metastasis
.show extent of primary bone tumor & demonstrate myloma & lymphoma
. image soft tissue mass
. to diagnose osteomylitis & show any soft tissue abnormality
. to diagnose a vascular necrosis & other joint pathology .

10. Bone diseases Solitary bone lesion are usually one of the following
.bone tumor: malignant ( primary or secondary ) , benign
. osteomyelitis
. bone cyst, fibrous dysplasia or other non –neoplastic defects of bone
. condition of uncertain nature such as langerhans histiocystosis
the initial radiological decision is usually to try &decide whether the solitary lesion is benign or its aggressive by looking for the following features on plain radiographs & CT :
1.Zone of transition
2.The adjacent cortex

12. 3.Expansion

13. 4.Periosteal reaction

14. the causes of localized peiosteal reactions adjacent to a lytic or sclerotic lesions are : .Osteomyelitis .Malignant bone tumour , particularly Ewing sarcoma & osteosarcoma .Occasionally metastasis , particularly neuroblastoma .Langerhans histiocytosis .Trauma 5. Calcific densities within the lesion

15. 6. Soft tissue swelling 7.Site:The site of a lesion is most important as certain lesions tend to occur at certain sites.

16. Bone tumours Primary malignant tumours
Osteosarcoma ( osteogenic sarcoma )

17. Chondrosarcoma :

18. Ewing sarcoma

19. Giant cell tumour

20. Benign tumour & tumour like condition Enchondromas :

21. Fibrous cortical defects ( non ossifying fibromas )

22. Fibrous dysplasia :

23. A simple bone cyst :

24. Aneurysmal bone cysts :

25. Osteoid osteoma :

26. Eosinophilic granuloma :