1. Basic Survival Medicine
AS 400 SURVIVAL
Lesson 2-1
Basic Survival Medicine

2. Your Chuck Norris Moment of Inspiration
AS-400 Survival
Your Chuck Norris Moment of Inspiration
Chuck Norris threw a grenade and killed 50 people and then it exploded
When Chuck Norris was born, he drove his mom home from the hospital
Big Foot claims he saw Chuck Norris
Chuck Norris beat the sun in a starring contest
Chuck Norris served in the Air Force from 1958 to 1962 as an Air Policeman. He served in Korea, where his martial arts career began.

3. Sources & Resources FM 3-05.70 FM 21-76 SAS Survival Guide
Air Force Pamphlet

4. Course Overview Unit 1 – The Elements of Surviving
Unit 2 – Personal Protection
Unit 3 – Necessities to Maintain Life
Unit 4 – Orientation and Traveling

5. How ready are you to learn today?
Not very ready... I am still on break!
A little slow to get going... Left shoe on my right foot?
Good to go... Had a good breakfast!
I am focused, A solid 10 hours of sleep! 1 28
(AS100-U1C1L1:LQ1)

6. Unit 2 Personal Protection
Basic Survival Medicine
Plants for Medicine
Proper Body Temperature
Clothing
Shelter

7. Lesson 1, Chapter 3, Health Care
Chapter Objective
Describe the procedures and expedients that survival medicine encompasses.
State and describe what is essential to prevent infection in a survival situation.
List the rules for avoiding illness.
Describe what could cause breathing problems.
Define shock.
Describe some ways to control or limit pain.
List and describe two types of fractures.
Define dislocations.
List and describe bites and stings a survivor may encounter.
List and describe vital injuries.
List and describe environmental injuries.
Familiarize you with basic survival medicine procedures, treatments, and prevention measures when faced with medical encounters.
Lesson 1, Chapter 3, Health Care

8. Lesson 1, Chapter 3, Health Care
Vocabulary to look for!
Immobilization
Shock
Trench Foot
Diarrhea
Be Health Smart
Lesson 1, Chapter 3, Health Care

9. Medical Exposure: to the climate
Hypothermia: Abnormally low body temperature.
Frost Bite
Hyperthermia: Unusually high body temperature
Heat Exhaustion
Heat Shock
Sun Burn
Dehydration
Sun

10. Medical
First Aid
Cuts
Sprain/Strains
Broken Bones

11. Medical First Aid Kits Field Dressing Band Aids Duct Tape
Mole Skin / Liquid Skin
Gauze
Medical Tape
Meds

12. Chapter 2-1: Basic Survival Medicine
I. Medical Encounters.
A. The most frequent injuries are fractures, strains, sprains, and dislocations, as well as burns and other types of wounds.
1. Before you put yourself into a potential survivor situation you need to get some medical training
2. Exposure to extreme cold
3. Exposure to heat in warm climates
B. Procedures.
1. Survival medicine encompasses procedures and expedients that are:
a. Required and available for the preservation of health and the prevention, improvement, or treatment of I injuries and illness encountered during survival.
b. Suitable for application by nonmedical personnel in the circumstances of the survival situation.
2. Survival medicine is more than first aid in the conventional sense. It approaches final treatment in that it is not dependent upon the availability of technical medical assistance within a reasonable period of time.

13. Chapter 2-1: Basic Survival Medicine
II. Health Requirement.
A. Personal Hygiene.
1. In a survival situation, cleanliness is essential to prevent infection and will reduce the spread of these germs.
2. Washing the face, hands, and feet reduces the chances of infection from small scratches and abrasions.
3. Soap, although an aid, is not essential to keeping clean. Ashes, sand, and fertile soil may be used to clean the body and cooking utensils.
4. When water is in short supply, take an “air bath” or sun bath.
5. Hair should be kept trimmed. (military hair style)
6. The principal means of infecting food and open wounds is contact with unclean hands.

14. This item should not be in your First Aid kit?
Moleskin
Duck tape
Aspirin
Illegal drugs 27

15. Chapter 2-1: Basic Survival Medicine
B. Care of the Mouth and Teeth.
1. The mouth and teeth should be cleansed thoroughly with a toothbrush at least once each day.
2. Alternative: a “chewing stick” can be made from a twig.
3. Gum tissues should be stimulated daily by rubbing them.
4. If you have cavities you can make temporary fillings by placing candle wax, tobacco, aspirin, hot pepper, toothpaste or powder, or portions of ginger root into the cavity.

16. Chapter 2-1: Basic Survival Medicine
C. Care of the Feet.
1. The feet should be washed, dried thoroughly, and massaged each day.
2. If water is in short supply, the feet should be “air cleaned” along with the rest of the body.
3. Toenails should be trimmed straight across
4. Boots should be broken in
5. Socks should fit properly
6. When traveling, the feet should be examined regularly

17. Chapter 2-1: Basic Survival Medicine
D. Clothing and Bedding.
1. Clothing and bedding can have disease germs which may be present on the skin, in the stool, in the urine, or in secretion of the nose and throat.
2. Outer clothing should be washed with soap and water when it becomes soiled. Under clothing and socks should be changed daily.
3. Sleeping bags should be turned inside out, fluffed, and aired after each use.
4. Bed linen should be changed at least once a week, and the blankets, pillows, and mattresses should be aired and sunned.

18. Chapter 2-1: Basic Survival Medicine
E. Rest.
1. Rest is necessary for the survivor because it not only restores physical and mental energy, but also promotes healing during an illness or after an injury.
2. If possible, regular rest periods should be planned in each day’s activities.
3. The survivor must learn to become comfortable and to rest under less than ideal conditions.

19. In a survival situation you should change out your socks?
Weekly
Daily
Every other day
Never 1 30

20. Chapter 2-1: Basic Survival Medicine
F. Rules for Avoiding Illness.
1. All water should be purified.
2. Individuals should dig “cat holes” and cover their waste
3. Fingers and infected objects should never be put into the mouth.
4. Hands should be washed before handling any food or water, or providing care for yourself and others
5. After use all eating utensils should be disinfected in boiling water.
6. The mouth and teeth should be cleansed thoroughly daily
7. Bites and insects can be avoided by keeping the body clean, and wearing appropriate protective clothing
8. Change out of wet clothing as soon as possible
9. Do not share personal items.
10. Remove and bury all food scraps, cans, and garbage.
11. A survivor should get 7 to 8 hours of sleep each night.

21. Chapter 2-1: Basic Survival Medicine
III. Medical Emergencies.
A. Breathing Problems. Any one of the following can cause airway difficulty, resulting in stopped breathing.
1. Foreign matter
2. Face or neck injuries.
3. Inflammation and swelling of mouth and throat caused by irritants and allergic items
4. “Kink” in the throat may block the passage of air.
5. Swallowing tongue

22. Chapter 2-1: Basic Survival Medicine
B. Severe Bleeding.
1. Severe bleeding from any major blood vessel in the body is extremely dangerous.
2. The loss of 1 liter of blood = shock.
3. The loss of 2 liters = body in extreme danger.
4. The loss of 3 liters = death, then zombitization (in some cases, I’m just saying)
C. Control Bleeding.
1. In a survival situation, you must control serious bleeding with direct pressure immediately because replacement fluids normally are not available and the victim can die within a matter of minutes.
2. The tourniquet, when required and properly used, will save life. If improperly used, it may cost the life of the survivor.
3. Quick Clot

23. Chapter 2-1: Basic Survival Medicine
D. External Bleeding.
1. Arterial. Arterial bleeding is the most serious type of bleeding, it can be fatal, spurting blood bright red
2. Venous. Venous blood is blood that is returning to the heart. A steady flow of dark red, maroon, or bluish blood
3. Capillary. The extremely small vessels that connect the arteries with the veins. Most commonly occurs in minor cuts and scrapes.
4. You can control external bleeding by direct pressure, indirect (pressure points) pressure, elevation, digital legation, or tourniquet.
(Use a tourniquet only when direct pressure over the bleeding point and all other methods did not control the bleeding. If you leave a tourniquet in place too long, the damage to the tissues can progress to gangrene, with a loss of the limb later. If you must use a tourniquet, place it around the limb, between the wound and the heart, 5 to 10 centimeters above the wound site.

24. _____ bleeding is spurting bright red blood.
Venous
Arterial
Capillary
Oozing 1 30

25. Pressure Points

26. Chapter 2-1: Basic Survival Medicine
E. Shock (intense stress reaction) is not a disease in itself. It is a clinical condition characterized by symptoms that arise when cardiac output is not enough to fill the arteries with blood under enough pressure to provide an adequate blood supply to the organs and tissues.
Circulatory Reaction. Shock is a circulatory reaction of the body to an injury.
Fluids. Normally, fluids administered by mouth are generally prohibited in the treatment of shock following severe injury.
IV. Pain.
A. Control of Pain. The control of pain alone with disease or injury under survival situations is both difficult and essential.
B. Position, Heat, and Cold. The part of the body that is hurting should be put at rest, or at least its activity restricted as much as possible.
C. Pain Killers. Some parts of vegetation which can be used (for example willows; wintergreen, also known as checkerberry; and boiled bark of the magnolia tree).

27. Chapter 2-1: Basic Survival Medicine
V. Bone and Joint Injury.
A. Fractures.
1. There are basically two types of fractures: open and closed. With an open (or compound) fracture, the bone protrudes through the skin and complicates the actual fracture with an open wound.
2. The closed fracture has no open wounds. Follow the guidelines for immobilization (To reduce of eliminate motion of the body or a part by mechanical means or by strict bed rest), and set and splint the fracture.
3. The signs and symptoms of a fracture are pain, tenderness, discoloration, swelling deformity, loss of function, and grating.

28. Chapter 2-1: Basic Survival Medicine
B. Dislocations are the separations of bone joints causing the bones to go out of proper alignment.
1. These misalignments can be very painful and can cause an impairment of nerve or circulatory function below the area affected.
2. You must place these joints back into alignment quickly.
3. Signs and symptoms of dislocations are joint pain, tenderness, swelling, discoloration, limited range of motion, and deformity of the joint.
C. Sprains.
1. The accidental over stretching of a tendon or ligament
2. The signs and symptoms are pain, swelling, tenderness, and discoloration (black and blue).

29. Venous bleeding Amputation Shock Trench Foot 1
It is a clinical condition characterized by symptoms that arise when cardiac output is not enough to fill the arteries with blood under enough pressure to provide an adequate blood supply to the organs and tissues.
Venous bleeding
Amputation
Shock
Trench Foot 1 30

30. Chapter 2-1: Basic Survival Medicine
VI. Wounds. Any physical injury causing a break in the skin is a wound. Wounds could be open wounds, skin diseases, frostbite, trench foot, and burns. A delay in treatment could cause infection.
A. Infection is a serious threat to the survivor. All wounds should be promptly cleansed.
B. Antibiotics, when available, should be taken for the control of infection.
C. Open Wounds are serious in a survival situation, not only because of tissue damage and blood loss, but also because they may become infected.
1. Dressing and Bandages. After cleansing, all wounds should be covered with a clean dressing.
2. A proper bandage will anchor the dressing to the wound and afford further protection. Bandages should be snug enough to prevent slippage, yet not too tight.

31. Chapter 2-1: Basic Survival Medicine
D. Skin Diseases and Ailments.
Boils.
Fungal Infections. (Ring worm..)
Rashes.
E. Frostbite. This injury results from frozen tissues. Light frostbite involves only the skin that takes on a dull, whitish look.
Do not try to thaw the affected areas by placing them close to an open flame. Gently rub them in lukewarm water. Dry the part and place it next to your skin to warm it at body temperature.

32. Chapter 2-1: Basic Survival Medicine
F. Trench Foot. This condition results from many hours or days of exposure to wet or damp conditions at a temperature just above freezing.
1. The nerves and muscles sustain the main damage, but gangrene can occur. In extreme cases the flesh dies and it may become necessary to have the foot or leg amputated.
The best prevention is to keep your feet dry.
VII.Bites and Stings.
A. Insect Bites.
1. Ticks can carry diseases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Ticks also transmit the Lyme disease.
2. Mosquitoes may carry malaria, dengue, and other diseases.
3. Flies can spread disease from contact with infectious sources. They are causes of sleeping sickness, typhoid, cholera, and dysentery.
4. Fleas can transmit plaque.
5. Lice can transmit typhus and relapsing fever.

33. Chapter 2-1: Basic Survival Medicine
C. Bee and Wasp Stings, remove the stinger, treat with baking soda
D. Spider Bites and Scorpion Stings.
1. You should become familiar with the type of spiders in your environment
E. Snakebites.
1. Death from snakebites are rare. More than one-half of the snakebite victims have little or no poisoning, and only about one-quarter develop serious systemic poisoning.
2. Look for fang penetration, spontaneous bleeding from the nose and anus, blood in the urine, pain at the site of the bite, and swelling at the site of the bite within a few minutes or up to 2 hours later.
3. Breathing difficulty, paralysis, weakness, twitching, and numbness are also signs of neurotoxic venoms. These signs usually appear 1.5 to 2 hours after the bite.

34. Chapter 2-1: Basic Survival Medicine
VIII. Vital Injuries.
A. Heatstroke.
1. The breakdown of the body’s heat regulatory system (body temperature more than 40.5ºC [105ºF]) causes a heatstroke.
B. Hypothermia.
1. Defined as the body’s failure to maintain a temperature of 36ºC (97ºF).
C. Diarrhea. A common ailment caused by a change of water and food, drinking contaminated water, eating spoiled food, becoming fatigued, and using dirty dishes.
D. Intestinal Parasites. You can usually avoid infestations and other intestinal parasites if you take preventive measures. The most effective way to prevent intestinal parasites is to avoid uncooked meat and raw vegetables contaminated by raw sewage or human waste used as a fertilizer.

35. Lesson 1, Chapter 3, Health Care
Chapter 2 Lesson 1 Review
Describe the procedures and expedients that survival medicine encompasses.
State and describe what is essential to prevent infection in a survival situation.
List the rules for avoiding illness.
Describe what could cause breathing problems.
Define shock.
Describe some ways to control or limit pain.
List and describe two types of fractures.
Define dislocations.
List and describe bites and stings a survivor may encounter.
List and describe vital injuries.
List and describe environmental injuries.
Familiarized you with basic survival medicine procedures, treatments, and prevention measures when faced with medical encounters.
Lesson 1, Chapter 3, Health Care

36. ________can carry diseases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever and transmit Lyme disease.
Fleas
Ticks
Rats
Lice 1 30

37. Unit 2-2 Plants for Medicine
Next
Unit 2-2 Plants for Medicine