1. GEOLOGY TEST OUT REVIEW

2. pyrite
chalcopyrite

3. magnetite
Magnetic
Heavy
Metallic
Black streak

4. galena
3= 90 cleavage
Metal
heavy

5. graphite
writes

6. quartz
Most common mineral
Scratches glass
NMV
Hexagonal crystals

7. calcite Fizzes 3 ≠ 90 cleavage Double refraction Soft
Main mineral in limestone and marble

8. biotite

9. muscovite
Flakey- 1 directional cleavage
Light in color

10. halite
Salty
3= 90 cleavage
soft

11. kaolinite
talc

12. HEMATITE
Red streak
Metal
Heavy

13. Olivine
green

14. plagioclase
Scratches glass
White
2 directional cleavage

15. K-feldspar (orthoclase)
Pink
Scratches glass
2= 90 cleavage

16. gypsum
Soft; chalky

17. garnet
Deep red
Hard= 8

18. fluorite
Soft
Many colors; purple and green
4 directional cleavage

19. chalcedony
Microcrystalline quartz
White-blue
Globby looking

20. AMPHIBOLE
Hornblende
Dark black
Hardness ≈ 6

21. PYROXENE
Dark green to black
augite

22. Amphibole vs. pyroxene

23. IGNEOUS ROCKS

24. GRANITE Intrusive igneous Cooled slowly Felsic
Has quartz, plag., biotite, K-feld, hornblende
Formed underground (dikes, sills, batholiths)

25. gabbro “black granite” Intrusive Mafic
Formed underground (dikes, sills, batholiths)
Granite’s mafic cousin

26. rhyolite
Felsic
extrusive

27. Rhyolite porphyry

28. This rhyolite is usually on the test!!

29. basalt Extrusive Mafic Shield volcanoes From runny lava flows
Pahoehoe and Aa are types of basalt

31. andesite

32. Andesite Porphyry
Contains plag
From strato volcanoes (extrusive)

33. pegmatite
Coarse granite

34. diorite
Salt and pepper
No quartz

35. SEDIMENTARY

36. conglomerate
Round pebbles

37. sandstone
Gritty
From beach/desert
clastic

38. shale
Fine clastic
From mud

39. dolostone
Looks like limestone
Slow fizz

40. coal
Bioclastic
From swamps
Organic
lightweight

41. Fossiliferous limestone

42. limestone Fizzes Chemical precipitate Forms in deep ocean
From dissolved shells

43. Oolitic limestone

44. siltstone
Like shale
Not as flat

45. Metamorphic

46. Gneiss
Banded (striped)
Foliated
Parent rock- granite

47. Schist Foliated Highly reflective May have garnets
Amphibole- black sparkly
Mica schist

48. slate
Metamorphosed shale
foliated

49. marble Can be many colors Metamorphosed limestone Not foliated
Will fizz (calcite)

50. Quartzite Metamorphosed sandstone Non foliated Will scratch glass
Any color

51. metaconglomerate

52. OTHER STUFF

53. Lava or pyroclast?

54. Earth’s layers Crust- Mantle- olivine outer core- liquid iron
Continental- feldspar, quartz
Oceanic- pyroxene, plag, olivine
Mantle- olivine
outer core- liquid iron
Inner core- iron

55. Ocean crust
Denser
Mafic
Thinner
Only 200 million years old

56. How do plates move? Convection currents Slab pull
Where does heat come from?
Radioactive decay

57. Plates

58. Sea floor spreading Oldest ocean crust= 200 my Polar reversals
New crust in center
of ridge

59. Plate boundaries

60. Pangea

61. Why wasn’t Wegener’s cont. drift accepted?
No seafloor data
No earthquake data
No mechanism to move plates
Convection currents
Slab pull
Ridge push (thermal plumes)

62. isostasy
is a term used in geology to refer to the state of gravitational equilibrium between the earth's lithosphere and asthenosphere such that the tectonic plates "float" at an elevation which depends on their thickness and density

63. Accretionary wedge

64. Magmatic arc

65. Half life problem
If you begin with 80 grams of 14C after a time, 20 grams are left. How old is the sample?
One half life= 14,000 years

66. Magnitude scale
Each step is 10x

67. Passive plate margins
Non- tectonic
Continental shelf- slope- rise

68. Rock cycle

72. dissolution
Usually limestone
Acid rain

77. unconformities

83. volcanoes

85. Wegner’s evidence?

86. faults

89. EARTH LAYERS http://crack. seismo. unr