1. Chapter 8 Ancient Greece

2. You have 10 minutes to work on your writing or read silently!
First Five: 2/18/16
You have 10 minutes to work on your writing or read silently!

3. Greece Vocabulary polis citizens classical Pericles* acropolis
Mythology
oligarchy
Homer*
aristocrats
Sappho*
democracy
Aesop*
Tyrant
fables

4. Greece Preview
What do we know?
What do we want to know?

5. First Five: 2/19/16
Take out your pencil to prepare for History Challenge!
Write your name on your History Challenge paper and number it 1-4.
TAKE OUT YOUR WRITING IF YOU HAVE NOT ALREADY TURNED IT IN!
Be sure you have your chart with it to turn in as well.
Make sure your name is on it!

6. 1. Which of the following is a fragile ceramic thought to have been invented in China? A. Jade B. Porcelain C. Silk D. Compass 2. The most important philosopher in Ancient China was_______________. A. Confucius B. Shi Huangdi C. Socrates D. Buddha

7. 3. Which two rivers flow through China. A. Tigris and Euphrates B
3. Which two rivers flow through China? A. Tigris and Euphrates B. Yangtze and Yellow C. Nile and Indus D. Indus and Ganges 4. Sanskrit was _______________________. A. A burial tomb for unskilled workers B. The language of Ancient India C. A weapon developed by the Harappans D. The practice of non-violence

8. Greece Vocabulary polis citizens classical Pericles* acropolis
Mythology
oligarchy
Homer*
aristocrats
Sappho*
democracy
Aesop*
Tyrant
fables

9. Geography A rocky, mountainous land Surrounded on 3 sides by water
This makes it a large peninsula
Around 3000 islands- Crete and Rhodes are the largest

10. Agriculture in Greece
Only a few small areas have flat land for farming and villages
Land is not fertile, no river with silt
Climate is a challenge for farmers
Grew: Wheat, Corn, Olives, Grapes
suitable for the climate

11. Geography Shapes Early Civilization
City states were isolated from each other, so they developed independently and created their own governments and ways of life.
Since travel by land was difficult, the Greeks became expert sailors and shipbuilders.
They traded with other cultures along the seas for the food and products they needed.

12. Early Cultures and City States
Minoans lived on the island of Crete
spent much of their time at sea
Famous for shipbuilding
Carried goods like wood, olive oil, pottery
Believed that a volcanic eruption or earthquakes and flooding led to the end of the Minoan Civilization

13. Mycenaean
First people to speak Greek, therefore they are the first to be considered Greek.
Started their civilization on Peloponnesus, but then expanded their territory and lived on the island of Crete
Known for building fortresses and becoming very powerful
According to legend, they
attacked the city of Troy,
starting the Trojan War.

14. City States
About 300 years after Mycenaean civilization ended, small groups of Greeks began joining together and set up city-states.
City-states mark the beginning of the Classical Age.
Life in Greece became more
settled, people began to think
about art, literature, trade,
and colonization.

15. City-states in Greece usually had a fortress on top of the acropolis.
Walls were built around the city-state for protection.
The marketplace, or agora, was used for trading goods and crafts and as a political and religious meeting place.
The agora was the center of life in the city-state.

16. The city-state was the foundation of Greek Civilization
It provided a sense of security for its people.
It gave the people an identity – they did not consider themselves to be Greeks but to be citizens of their city-state.

17. Crossing the Seas
They began to establish colonies around the Mediterranean Sea. These colonies became new polises and some became great centers of trade.
By 550 BC, the Greeks were the greatest traders in the Aegean region.
Traded with areas around the
Mediterranean and Black Seas.
Main exports-olive oil and wine

18. Check your answers!
1. Greece is a rocky, mountainous land surrounded on 3 sides by water. This makes it a large peninsula. There are few small areas with flat land for farming and villages.
2. Explain how geography helped shape early Greek civilization.
City-states were isolated from each other so they developed independently and created their own governments and ways of life.
The Greeks became expert sailors and shipbuilders because travel by land is difficult.
Traded with other cultures along the seas for food and products they needed.
3. The first group of people considered to be Greek are the Mycenaeans. They started their civilization on Peloponnesus, but then expanded their territory to the island of of Crete. According to legend, the Mycenaeans attacked the city of Troy, starting the Trojan War.
4. About 300 years after Mycenaean civilization ended, small groups of Greeks began joining together and set up independent city-states. This started the classical age of Greece.

19. 4. About 300 years after Mycenaean civilization ended, small groups of Greeks began joining together and set up independent city-states. This started the classical age of Greece. 5. City-states in Greece usually had a fortress on top of the acropolis. Walls around the city-state were built for protection. The marketplace, or agora, was used for trading of goods and crafts and as a political and religious meeting place. 6. List 2 reasons the city-state is considered to be the foundation of Greek civilization. *Provided a sense of security for its people *Gave the people an identity – they did not consider themselves to be Greeks but to be citizens of their city-state. 7. The Greeks began to establish colonies around the Mediterranean Sea. These colonies became new polises and some became great centers of trade. By 550 BC, the Greeks were the greatest traders in the Aegean region.

20. First Five: 2/22/16
Use pages 228, 232, 261, 264, 270 to complete your map.
Your map should be complete in the first 5 minutes of class!

22. Analyze your map and answer the following questions.
1. What impact do you think the geography of ancient Greece will have on agriculture? On trade? 2. Greece is surrounded on 3 sides by water, making it a _________________. 3. If you were in charge of establishing a new civilization, would you choose to settle in an area like that of ancient Greece? Why or why not?

23. Section 2: Government in Athens
Take out your Chapter 8 Greece Notes!
Section 2: Government in Athens

24. Section 2 Vocabulary Oligarchy- where a few rich men rule
Aristocrats – rich landowners
Democracy-a government in which people rule themselves
Tyrant- a leader who held power through the use of force.
Citizens- groups of people who had the right to participate in government.
Pericles – leader of Athens at its height; encouraged the spread of democracy

25. Vocabulary Review

26. Government in Athens Greece is the birthplace of democracy.
Democracy means “rule of the people” in Greek.
It is a type of government in which people rule themselves.

27. Government in Athens started out as an oligarchy.
Rule by a small group of aristocrats
Common people had little to no say in the government
In 600 BC, a group of rebels tried to overthrow the oligarchy. As a result, Draco established some very strict laws with extreme punishments. For example, loitering was punishable by death.
In 590 BC, a man names Solon created a new set of laws that were less strict. He also said that all free men living in Athens would become citizens.
These changes were not enough, the Athenians wanted a new form of government.

28. The Rise of Tyrants
Peisistratus overthrew oligarchy and in 546 BC, Athens became a tyranny.
One strong leader, or tyrant, held power.
Athenian tyrants were usually good leaders with strong armies.

29. Democracy is Born
Finally, around 500 BC, Athens developed the world’s first democracy. For the first time in history, a government was based on the votes of its free citizens.
Cleisthenes is called the father of democracy for establishing this new form of government.

30. Citizenship The democracy of Athens had limited citizenship.
Only free males born in Athens were considered to be citizens.
No women or slaves

31. Athenian Democracy under Cleisthenes.
All citizens had the right to participate in the assembly.
Assembly met outside so everyone could attend.
Every citizen had the right to speak and debate the issues.
Citizens voted by a show of hands or by secret ballot
Citizens were selected to serve on smaller councils.

32. Pericles Pericles led Athens at its height of democracy.
He ruled from 460 BC until 429 BC.
He encouraged people to participate in the government by paying people who served in public offices and on juries.

33. End of Athenian Democracy
Athenian democracy ended when Macedonia conquered Athens in the mid-330s BC.
For about 10 years, the assembly was able to continue meeting and making laws that the Macedonian king approved .
Eventually a new king took over and ended Athenian democracy forever.

34. Direct vs. Representative
In a direct democracy (like in Athens), each citizen participates directly in the government.
Each person’s vote is counted and the issue/person that receives the most votes wins.
In a representative democracy (like in the USA), elected officials represent the citizens in government and make laws.
Each citizen votes on a representative to decide on the issues for them.

35. Check your answers!
1. Greece is the birthplace of democracy. What is a democracy?
In Greek, democracy means “rule of the people.” It is a type of government in which people rule themselves.
2. Government in Athens started out as an oligarchy (rule by a small group of aristocrats). In 546 BC, Athens became a tyranny, meaning one strong leader, or tyrant, held power. Finally, around 500 BC, Athens developed the world’s first democracy. For the first time in history, a government was based on the votes of its free citizens.
3. The democracy of Athens had limited citizenship. Only free males born in Athens were citizen in Athens.
4. Describe Athenian Democracy under Cleisthenes.
All citizens had the right to participate in the assembly.
Assembly met outside so everyone could attend.
Every citizen had the right to speak and debate the issues.
Citizens voted by a show of hands or by secret ballot
Citizens were selected to serve on smaller councils.

36. 4. Describe Athenian Democracy under Cleisthenes.
All citizens had the right to participate in the assembly.
Assembly met outside so everyone could attend.
Every citizen had the right to speak and debate the issues.
Citizens voted by a show of hands or by secret ballot
Citizens were selected to serve on smaller councils.
5. What changes did Pericles make to encourage people to participate in government?
Pericles began to pay people who served in public offices and on juries.
6. Athenian democracy ended when Macedonia conquered the city-state in the mid-330s BC.
7. How are a direct democracy and a representative democracy different?
In a direct democracy (like in Athens), each citizen participates directly in the government.
In a representative democracy (like in the USA), elected officials represent the citizens in government and make laws.

37. Democracy: A closer look
Use your notes and pages
Examine the differences and similarities between Direct Democracy (Athens) and Representative Democracy (U.S).
Complete a Venn Diagram.
Be ready to share!

38. First Five: 2/23/16
On a CLEAN sheet of paper create this Venn Diagram. (You will turn this paper in today!)
Use your notes and pages to complete.

39. Vocabulary Review

40. 15. Aegean Sea 16. Crete 17. Mediterranea Sea 18. Peloponnesus
19. Ionian Sea A. D. B. C. E.

41. Greek Mythology and Literature
Homer: The Odyssey Zeus

42. Mythology
The ancient Greeks did not have scientific explanations for natural events, like volcanic eruptions or the seasons, so they created myths to explain the world around them. They believed their gods caused these events to happen.

43. Mythology Ancient Greeks all had common gods and goddesses
Some city-states had a god or goddess associated with them
Special Festivals
Each polis honored one god/goddess
Huge festivals every summer
City-States each sent representatives to the Olympic games to honor Zeus

44. Check your chart Zeus King of the gods Hera Queen of the gods Poseidon
god of the sea
Athena
goddess of wisdom
Hades
god of the underworld
Apollo
god of the sun
Artemis
goddess of the moon
Ares
god of war

45. Heroes and Monsters
Greek myths told stories about gods and heroes. Some heroes were real, but others were not. Heroes were featured in adventure stories where they often faced terrible monsters and had special abilities. Some Greek heroes are Theseus, Jason, and Hercules.

46. Literature Homer was the greatest poet of the
ancient world. He was blind.
His poems are
The Iliad tells the story of the
battles of the last years of
the Trojan War.
The Odyssey tells the story of
Odysseus as he spends 10 years
trying to return home after the
Trojan War.

47. Aesop’s Fables
The Greeks told fables to give advice about life or to teach a lesson.
Aesop is the most famous author of fables.

48. Impact Today
Greek literature has influenced modern language, literature and art. Many English words come from Greek mythology, like “titanic” (after the gods the Titans) and “odyssey” (from the hero Odysseus).

49. Movies and television shows are often based on characters from Greek myths and many sports teams have been named after them as well.

50. Check your answers!
The ancient Greeks did not have scientific explanations for natural events, like volcanic eruptions or the seasons, so they created myths to explain the world around them. They believed their gods caused these events to happen.
(See chart below)
3. Greek myths told stories about gods and heroes. Some heroes were real, but others were not. Heroes were featured in adventure stories where they often faced terrible monsters and had special abilities. Some Greek heroes are Theseus, Jason, and Hercules.
Zeus
King of the gods
Hera
Queen of the gods
Poseidon
god of the sea
Athena
goddess of wisdom
Hades
god of the underworld
Apollo
god of the sun
Artemis
goddess of the moon
Ares
god of war

51. 4. Who was Homer? Briefly describe his two most famous works.
Homer was the greatest poet of the ancient world. He was blind.
The Iliad tells the story of the battles of the last years of the Trojan War.
The Odyssey tells the story of Odysseus as he spends 10 years trying to return home after the Trojan War.
5. Why did the Greeks tell fables?
To give advice about life or to teach a lesson
6. Greek literature has influenced modern language, literature and art. Many English words come from Greek mythology, like “titanic” (after the gods the Titans) and “odyssey” (from the hero Odysseus). Movies and television shows are often based on characters from Greek myths and many sports teams have been named after them as well.

52. Square 2: Exit Questions
Answer in ONE complete sentence for each.
Who did the Greeks believe caused events to happen?
What are some examples of Greek influence on modern society?

53. Square 3: Aesop’s Fables
What was the lesson of the fable, The Lion and the Mouse?

54. GET READY… For History Challenge!!!

55. History Challenge
Which of the following shows that Greeks strongly influenced our language?
English words are spelled using the Greek rules of spelling
The English language is based on the Greek alphabet
The English language was first spoken in ancient Greece
Many English words and expressions come from Greek mythology
In geographical terms, the land of Greece is a large
Island
isthmus
Peninsula
continent

56. 3. Which of the following defines a nomad?
A community of people who share a common culture
A person who moves from place to place in search of food
A wise man who developed fire
A relative who lived in the past
4. Another name for the Old Stone Age is
Prehistory
Paleolithic Era
Mesolithic Era
The ice ages