1. Chapter 10: Inequalities of Gender and Age
Stefan Olson
John Reisinger
Chris Docherty
Ryan Mullarky
Auston Van Wormer
Austin Stebbins

2. Sex and Gender Identity
Sex: Classification of people as male or female based on biological characteristics
Biological Determinism: Principle that behavioral differences are the result of inherited physical characteristics
Gender Identity: A sense of being male or female based on learned cultural values
Behavioral differences between men and women are culturally conditioned
Males and females treated differently throughout lives which promotes behavior based on gender
Slight differences between male and female brains
Women tend to use more of the brain when performing tasks
This suggests that some behavioral differences between genders could be biological, but it has not been proven

3. Theoretical Perspectives on Gender
Gender Socialization: A social process of learning how to act as a boy or girl
Functionalist say responsibilities for men and women are different due to differences between the two genders
According to conflict theory, by preventing women from reaching their potential, men keep their dominance
Gender socialization started at young age
ex: Young girls given more feminine chores, such as washing dishes
Treated differently in schools
Studies show that boys in middle school are 8 times more likely to yell out answers than girls
Peers contribute greatly to gender socialization
“masculine” girls and “feminine” boys given low status among peers

4. Gender Inequality
Sexism: A set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, and values used to justify sexual inequality
Occupational Sex Segregation: The concentration of women in lower-status positions
Sexism seen clearly in economics, law, and politics
Sexist Ideology- men are naturally superior to women
Women are holding higher power jobs that used to be reserved for men
More women working, but in lower-status positions
On average, women paid less than men (80 cents per dollar in 2004)
Women don’t have as much legal rights as men
Ex. In some states women are refused the right to keep their own surnames after marriage
More women are appearing in politics, but still a fill a very small portion of political positions

5. Ageism
Age Stratification: The unequal distribution of scarce resources based on age
Ageism: A set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, and values used to justify age-based prejudice and discrimination
As men grew old they used to be highly respected and filled the most prestigious positions, but now they are seen as “out of date” in the workplace
Less effect on women because in a culture where men encouraged to identify strongly with work
More high-priced elderly people are being forced into retirement to make room for the less-expensive younger generations
Stereotypes of older people are learned by children through socialization

6. Inequality in America’s Elderly Population
Interest Group: A group organized to influence political decision making
Elderly viewed as minority
Poverty rate for elderly Americans at 9.8 percent
Doesn’t take into account “hidden poor”, such as those living in institutions, which would raise poverty rate substantially
Elderly women are one of the poorest segments of American society
Race also has a great effect on poverty
Elderly has highest voting turnout
Do not speak in unified voice

7. Quiz
1. True or False: Men use more of the brain when performing tasks.
2. Boys are how much more likely to shout out answers in class?
A. 5 times
B. 7 times
C. 8 times
D. 10 times
3. In 2004, women were paid, on average, ___ cents for every dollar men earned.
A. 64
B. 80
C. 75
D. 70
4. True or False: More and more elderly people are filling higher ranking jobs.
5. What is the poverty rate for elderly Americans?
A. 8 percent
B. 9.2 percent
C. 9.5 percent
D. 9.8 percent
6. Short Answer: Why is it a six question quiz if there are only 5 content slides? If the rest of you are like me, you are just going to write a question from each slide.

8. Quiz Answers
1. False
2. C
3. B
4. False
5. D
6. Answers vary

9. End Stefan: PowerPoint/content slide John: keyterms/content slide
Chris: quiz/content slide
Auston: pictures/content slide
Ryan: activity/title and concluding slides
Austin: videos/content slide
Web addresses of images in the pictures.