1. Provisional Government vs. Petrograd Soviet
Power-point 7: 1917: Between the revolutions Chapter 8: Crisis of Dual Government
Provisional Government vs. Petrograd Soviet

2. Introduction
Formed on the same day, the Provisional Government were the official authority with formal power, and the Petrograd Soviet who had the genuine power in the eyes of the people
Between the revolutions the Dual governments worked together and were supported by the main revolutionary parties until Lenin arrived on April 3rd. Lenin launched a campaign to drive a wedge between the Soviet and Prov. Govt.

3. Weak Provisional Government
Created by 12 men from the conservative 4th Duma. Not voted in
Prince Lvov, a nobleman appointed PM
Policies included many new civil liberties
Organised to be replaced by an elected Constituent Assembly that represented all classes and all of Russia

4. Powerful Petrograd Soviet
Made of up over 3000 workers, soldiers and revolutionary party deputies.
The soviet therefore influenced control of the army, railways, communications, employers and employees.
Soviet Order 1 declared the defence force was answerable to the Soviet only

5. Kerensky, knight of the revolution
Almost lead Russia into democracy
Before the June offensive was seen as the leader of the revolution to unify Russia
Was leader of the Socialist Revolutionaries
Belonged to the Provisional Government becoming PM in July
Also was Vice Chairman of the Petrograd Soviet
Nearly crushed Bolsheviks, Trotsky and Lenin from all existence
BUT…

6. The Provisional Government’s fall from grace
Only gained power thanks to triple abdication so had no popular mandate to rule Russia
Continued the war everyone hated and were losing money from because of loans Russia owed to Allies
Massive military defeat in June Offensive
Focus on war meant economic problems continued
Kerensky tried to please all sections of Russian society, which only managed to alienate them

7. The Bolsheviks rise to power: 1
Lenin’s return via a train paid for by Germany and his April 3rd speech at Finland Station promising ‘Peace, Land, Bread!’ and ‘All power to the Soviets’
On the 4th April he put forward a blueprint for a Bolshevik revolution from the Provisional Government’s upper class democracy to a revolutionary dictatorship of workers and peasants

8. The Bolsheviks rise to power: 2
July Days: On the verge of social and economic collapse, unemployed workers went to the streets in protest.
It was put down by Kerensky’s troops after 3 days.
The Bolsheviks were blamed and Lenin fled to Finland. Trotsky stayed to face the music and was arrested with many other Bolsheviks. They learned valuable lessons in how to take power.

9. The Bolsheviks rise to power: 3
Kornilov Revolt: In August General Kornilov was appointed Commander in Chief of the Russian Army.
His method to restore order was to march the army to Petrograd and replace the Prov. Govt. with a military dictatorship
Kerensky had to free the Bolshevik prisoners to create an army to protect Petrograd
Armed with weapons the Bolsheviks were now seen as the defenders of the revolution

10. The Bolsheviks rise to power: 4
Growth in political support:
Bolshevik support grew in Russian soviets due to growing demoralisation of the army
From defending the revolution from the Kornilov revolt
They were not tainted by association from the hopeless Prov. Govt.
Controlled the most powerful of Soviets in Petrograd and Moscow by September
People trusted Trotsky and he became Chairman of the Petrograd Soviet

11. Questions Focus Questions on page 86 Analysis activity 2 on page 90
Practising paragraph questions on page 96

12. Lenin initiates his revolution… finally!
Power-point 8: an easy start to the Bolshevik’s long, hard road to power Chapter 8: October Revolution
Lenin initiates his revolution… finally!

13. Introduction
Lenin secretly returned to Petrograd on 7 Oct to urge a takeover before the planned democratic elections for the Constituent Assembly
23 October, Kerensky heard of the Bolshevik plans so sent troops to the Winter Palace, and closed down Bolshevik newspapers and communication lines.

14. The strategic takeover of Petrograd
Lenin quickly initiated the takeover the next night
It helped him that Trotsky was the head of the Red Army and the Petrograd Soviet. He captured key facilities and vantage points by ‘changing the guard’ – replacing guards with his own Bolshevik Red Guards
Finally the Winter Palace was taken with minimal fighting with 5 casualties and the Prov. Govt. arrested very easily with the 40,000 Red Guards getting in through an open back door!!!

15. “10 Days that shook the world”
Term coined by American author John Reed.
For their first ten days in control of Russia, Bolshevik troops fought hard to establish a Bolshevik revolution against counter-revolutionaries.

16. Questions Analysis Activity 1 page 101 Analysis Activity 2 page 104
Practising paragraph answers page 106 (Remember TEEL!)