1. Warm Up
Name a communicable disease AND list at least two symptoms from the disease you picked

2. Common Communicable Disease
Lesson 3, Chapter 13

3. Colds
A communicable disease that strikes just about everyone is the common cold. Colds can be spread both by Direct and Indirect contact Symptoms: Runny nose, Sore Throat, Sneezing Why can’t your doctor give you a vaccine to protect you against a cold?  There are too many viruses…hundreds of them! *Every cold you have had was PROBABLY caused by a different strain of the virus Too many virus strains = very difficult to develop vaccines = common cold will very common for a long time.

4. The Flu (Influenza)
Influenza: a communicable disease characterized by fever, chills, fatigue, headache, muscle aches, and respiratory symptoms.
Flu symptoms usually affect you more quickly and seriously that cold symptoms do
Spread through direct and indirect contact
Most cases are reported between December and March = “Flu Season”
Some strains of the flu virus spread faster and are stronger than previous years.
Vaccines are developed each year for the upcoming flu season.
Some types of flu can be dangerous…
Avian flu (possibly be deadly for large amounts of people)
Outbreak of the flu after WWI killed about 20 million people worldwide

5. Chicken Pox, Measles, and Mumps
All are contagious diseases caused by viruses.
Every contagious disease has a contagious period: the length of time that a particular disease can be spread from person to person.
Often, the contagious period includes a length of time before the infected person begins to show symptoms.

6. (Prior to the vaccine, almost all children got chicken pox)
Contagious period = about a week before symptoms appear.
Symptoms: Rash, Fever, and Aching Muslces
The rash shows up as small, red, itchy bumps on the skin. (possibly even inside mouth and throat)
The bumps then develop into blisters.
Once the blisters dry up, chicken pox is not contagious anymore.
Vaccine for chicken pox became available in1995, now chicken pox is much less common.
(Prior to the vaccine, almost all children got chicken pox)

7. Measles
Contagious Period = starts a few days before symptoms begin...lasts about 5 days after that Symptoms: rash, fever, head and body aches, runny nose, red eyes In the United States, measles was ultimately eliminated in Unfortunately, measles can still be a very dangerous disease! Some people think of measles as just a rash and it will clear up in a few days, but it can lead to serious health complications, especially for children under the age of 5. Common Complications = ear infections in 1 of every 10 with measles...can lead to hearing loss, diarrhea Severe Complications = pneumonia (leading cause of death in children), encephalitis (swelling of the brain)

8. Mumps
Contagious Period = starts about a week before symptoms begin...lasts for about nine days after that point
Symptoms: fever, headache, swollen salivary glands (under the ears), muscle aches, tiredness, loss of appetite
Mumps is spread through saliva or mucus from the mouth, nose, or throat.
An infected person can spread the disease by:
coughing, sneezing, or talking
sharing items (cups, eating utensils, etc)
touching objects or surfaces with unwashed hands that are then touched by others

9. Mononucleosis
Mononucleosis: a viral disease characterized by a severe sore throat and swelling of the lymph glands in the neck and around the throat area.
Symptoms: fatigue, loss of appetite, fever, headache, skin rash
Known as the "kissing disease" because it is commonly spread through saliva.
Can also be spread by:
coughing or sneezing
sharing drinking glasses and utensils

10. Hepatitis
Hepatitis: a viral disease characterized by an inflammation of the liver and yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes. Symptoms: weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite, fever, headaches, sore throat There are 3 common strains of hepatitis: A, B, and C Hepatitis A Common in areas with poor sanitation. It spreads among people when infected human wastes contaminate the food and water. When someone eats or drinks contaminated food and water, that person then becomes infected. Hepatitis B and C Can permanently damage the liver and can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Most commonly spread through contact with contaminated blood or other body fluids. (Drug users share needles, sexual contact) NOT SPREAD THROUGH FOOD, WATER, OR CASUAL CONTACT There are vaccines for hepatitis A and B. There are medications that can help treat hepatitis C.

11. Tuberculosis (TB)
Tuberculosis: a bacterial disease that usually affects the lungs. Symptoms: cough, fatigue, night sweats, fever, and weight loss. Tuberculosis is spread through the air. When a person with TB coughs or sneezes, they send infected droplets into the air. Another person breathes them in and then becomes infected. It is possible for someone to carry TB without showing symptoms, and they can still infect others.

12. Pneumonia
Pneumonia: a serious inflammation of the lungs. Symptoms: fever, cough, chills, difficulty breathing Can be spread through Direct and Indirect contact with an infected person. Bacterial pneumonia can be treated with use of antibiotics. If infected, people need rest and plenty of fluids. People with other diseases or weakened immune systems are at greater risk of getting pneumonia.

13. Strep Throat
Strep Throat: a sore throat caused by streptococcal bacteria. Symptoms: red and painful throat, fever, swollen lymph nodes in the neck. Spread through Direct and Indirect Contact with infected persons. (Most commonly spread through direct contact)

14. Keeping Pathogens from Spreading
Hygiene: cleanliness. (helps limit the number of pathogens you encounter. Includes your body and your environment)
Eating foods that are good for you, getting exercise, sleeping = all help your body fight pathogens.
Protecting yourself from Pathogens
Avoid close contact with people who have a communicable disease, especially if they are contagious
Never share eating utensils, cups, glasses, toothbrushes, etc.
Wash your hands thoroughly and often (using the bathroom, playing with pets, touch garbage)
Handle and prepare food safely, especially meat, poultry, and fish
Wipe counters thoroughly with disinfectants
Keep pets clean and healthy

15. Protecting Others from Pathogens
When you're sick, help protect the people around you...Think ahead!
If you feel sick, tell your parents, teacher, etc.
If you are sick, stay home from school and other public places.
Avoid close contact with others
Wash your hands often
Cover your mouth and nose when you cough and sneeze.
Follow the instructions/directions very closely of any medications you are taking or being given.

16. Refer to your notes to answer the following questions.
1. Define influenza.
2. How did scientists bring so many childhood diseases under control?
3. What are the main ways that communicable diseases are spread?

17. Refer to your notes to answer the following questions.
The smallest and simplest pathogens are called _______________?
_______________ are simple one-celled organisms.
The ______________________ is a combination of body defenses made up of the cells, tissues, and organs that fight pathogens.
The _____________ is a second circulatory system that helps the body fight pathogens and maintain its fluid balance.
A preparation of dead or weakened pathogens that is introduced into the body to cause an immune response is called a ___________________.
Most cases of ___________________ are reported from December through March.
The ________________________ of a disease is the length of time that a particular disease can be spread from person to person.
Hygiene is another word for ___________________.

18. Terms to know for Quiz Disease Lymphathic System Fungi Immune System
Infection Inflammation
Communicable disease Specific Immune Response
Pathogens Nonspecific Immune Response
Germs Pneumonia
Bacteria Cold
Infections Strep Throat
Protozoa Hygiene
Vaccine Chicken Pox
Influenza Preventing the spread of disease
Direct Contact Indirect Contact