1. 14.1 – Church Reform And The Crusades
Mr. Marijanovich (from Mr. Schabo)
World History B
Crestwood High School
4/24/2013

2. 14.1 OBJECTIVES
Explain the spiritual revival and church reforms that began in the 11th Century.
Describe Gothic cathedrals of the 12th Century.
Summarize the causes of the Crusades and analyze the effects of the Crusades.

3. The Church Reforms
Across Europe, Monasteries led a spiritual revival. Reformers concerned with practices of church members:
Illiteracy among local priests
Questionable morality of some popes
Avarice of bishops and abbots
Marriage of village priests
Bishops practiced simony (selling positions in Church)
Lay investiture

4. Popes Leo IX and Gregory VII enforced policies against simony and the marriage of priests.
Future popes restructured the church to resemble a feudal society with the pope at its head.
The pope and his advisors created new canon regarding marriage, divorce, and inheritance.
The popes sent diplomats throughout Europe to meet with bishops and kings (and to establish papal authority)

5. More Church Reform
To raise money, the Church tithed families - 10% of their income.
The church used tithe money to operate hospitals and care for the sick and the poor.
Friars roamed the countryside and new orders of friars developed: Dominican, Franciscian, and the Poor Claires.

6. Old Church

7. New Church – gothic style

8. Break!
Put up your right hand if the answer is true, left hand if the answer is false:
All priests were literate thorough the Middle Ages as well as never marrying.
FALSE!!!
The pope and his advisors created new canon regarding marriage, divorce, and inheritance.
True!!!
To raise money, the Church tithed families - 20% of their income, which the church used tithe money to pay their priests.

9. The Crusades
1093. Alexius Comnenus, a Byzantine emperor, requests help from a friend in Europe to defend his city, Constantinople, from the Seljuk Turks (remember those guys?).
Pope Urban II read the letter and called for a Crusade, or a holy war to gain control of the holy land from the Muslims.
Hilarity does not ensue. 10 crusades are carried out in 300 years!

10. Goals of the Crusades
Regain control of Holy Land and unite Christendom.
Get rid of quarrelsome knights.
2nd and 3rd sons looking to fight for land and glory.
Merchants saw opportunities to make money financing crusades, transporting soldiers, and hoped to control Muslim trade routes to Asia.

11. The First and Second Crusades
Huge support in Europe for the Crusade.
Pope Urban II promised that anyone who died on the Crusade was assured a place in heaven.
European armies not prepared for the Crusade:
Did not know terrain, climate, or culture
Had no strategy to capture Jerusalem
Argued among themselves
However, they were successful…

12. The Third Crusade
Organized after a Muslim warrior named Saladin retakes Jerusalem.
Culminates in colossal battles between Saladin and King Richard of England.
Ended in a truce in Jerusalem would remain under Muslim control but Christian pilgrimages could freely visit Jerusalem.
Fourth Crusade is a looting of Constantinople.

13. Other Crusades
In the 1200s, 4 more attempts to free the Holy Land are unsuccessful. Support for this endeavor dwindles.
Two more crusades go to Egypt, but not much happens there.
Children’s crusades do not end well…
The inquisition in Spain utilizes terror and torture to force out or convert Jews and Muslims.

14. Effects Of The Crusades
Demonstrated power of the church.
Provided new roles for those who stayed home.
Expanded trade between Europe and Southwest Asia.
Lessened the power of the pope.
Increased the power of kings.
Treatment of Muslims by Christians left a legacy of bitterness.