1. 15 - Adolescence – Cognitive Dev.
Ages 11 to 18

3. Adolescent thinking

4. Egocentrism Adolescent egocentrism Personal fable - “I am unique”
Belief that they are more socially significant than they actually are
Focusing on themselves more than others
Personal fable - “I am unique”
“My thoughts & feelings have not happened to anyone else”
Difficult to see another person’s perspective
Invincibility fable - “I will not be hurt”
Smoking, drugs, STD’s, high-speed driving
Does not apply to all adolescents
Imaginary audience - “Everyone is watching me”
Makes teenagers self-conscious

5. Piaget’s formal operational thought
Fourth and final stage
Use abstract ideas
Hypothetical thought
Thinking of possibilities, not just reality
If-then propositions
E.g. Balance experiment
A 14 year old will understand that both weight and distance from the center must be considered when balancing a scale

6. Deductive and inductive reasoning
Deductive – Top down
General to specific
Inductive – Bottom-up
Specific to general
Both are used in research

7. Intuitive and Emotional thought

8. Types of processing Dual-process model of the brain
One network = emotional
One network = analytical

9. Types of thought Intuitive thought (Intuition) Analytic thought
From an emotion or hunch beyond rational explanation
Based on past experiences and cultural assumptions
Analytic thought
Depends of logic & rationality
Analysis of pros & cons, risks & consequences
Possibilities & facts

10. Thinking fallacies Sunk cost fallacy Base rate neglect fallacy
“I have invested so much, I must keep going”
Know when to cut your losses
Base rate neglect fallacy
Ignoring the overall frequency or probability of an effect from a behavior
E.g. Smoking, not wearing a helmet
Lottery tickets & gambling

11. Technology and Cognition (Learning)

12. Positives with technology
Broadens students’ horizons
New education & experiences
Gets them past the egocentric thought
Reduces social isolation

13. Negatives with technology
Internet addiction
Gambling or video games
Escape from problems
Cyberbullying
Spreading insults and rumors
Negative specialties
Cutting, extreme dieting, prejudice
Negatives result more from the antisocial attitudes and/or depression of the person, not the technology
Sexting, Facebook pages, etc