1. Energy

2. What is energy? Energy makes things happen
For example energy makes sounds, allows objects to move and work, destroys things (like the tornado on the last page)
The Law of Conservation of Energy states that:
Energy can not be created or destroyed, but it is changed from one form to another
Why do we need replace batteries then?

3. Forms of energy: There are lots of different types of energy
They are measured in Joules
We need energy to move, this comes from food and food contains chemical energy
This chemical energy also keeps our body temperature at 37°Celcius
Chemical energy can be changed into movement (kinetic) and heat energy

4. Chemical Energy When we eat we put food (chemical energy) into us
This energy can be stored as fat or used by our body
Batteries also contain chemical energy
Petrol, diesel, coal, wood and gas all have stored chemical energy

5. Electrical Energy Electrical energy usually flows through wires
Chemical energy from a battery is converted into electrical energy in the wires
It can also occur as static e.g. lightning

6. Gravitational Potential Energy
At the top of this roller coaster the cars stop for a split second
At this point they have Gravitational (potential) energy
Gravity will pull the cars down again (they will have kinetic energy)

7. Elastic Potential
The string of the cross bow has elastic energy when it is pulled back
When released this elastic energy is changed into kinetic and sound energy

8. Kinetic Energy This is movement energy
Our muscles produce the movement
Car engines do the same
When we move we produce heat

9. Sound Energy Sound energy is created by;
objects hitting the ground with a “thud”
arrows flying though the air with a “woosh”
bullets fired from guns making a “bang”
People taking
Objects vibrating e.g. drum skins, guitar strings etc.

10. Light Energy Light is the fastest form of energy known to man
It takes 8 minutes to travel from the Sun to the Earth
The suns energy is called Solar energy
Light energy can be used by solar panels to make electricity

11. Thermal Energy Thermal means heat
All machines (and animals are machines to a scientist) are not perfect
They waste chemical energy usually turning it into heat energy, this escapes into space (space is gradually getting a little warmer)
When we run we convert chemical energy from food into movement energy, but we also get warm and this waste heat escapes into the air and then into space

12. Energy Transfer Energy can be changed into different types e.g.
A torch
Chemical energy
Light energy
Heat energy

13. Non Renewable Energy Non renewable means cannot be renewed
In other words this energy will run out
Fossil fuels are the main sources of non-renewable energy
These are:
Coal
Oil
Natural Gas
Nuclear fuels are also non-renewable

14. Renewable Energy These types of energy can be renewed
This means that they can be used again and again
Examples include:
Solar
Hydroelectric
Wind
Tidal

15. Solar Power Solar panels change light energy into electrical
What are the advantages and disadvantages of this type of energy?
A Solar Farm
Solar Power Cars

16. Wind Energy Wind turbines convert wind energy into electrical
Why is there so much opposition to wind farms?
A Wind Farm in Palm Springs

17. Hydroelectric Energy
Potential energy of the water in the reservoir is converted kinetic energy in turbines then into electrical energy
This is the Hoover dam in the USA

18. Biomass
This is living or decomposing matter that can be used for fuel e.g.
Wood chips and branches
Cars can be run on bio-fuels either alcohol (fermented from corn) or oil (vegetable oil)

19. The Koenigsegg CCXR Edition runs on alcohol fuel

20. Geothermal Energy The Earth is hot under the surface
This heat can create geysers of hot water and it can be used to make electricity or heat homes

21. New Technology
Formula 1 cars have used the kinetic energy from braking to generate more electricity
Modern electric cars also use this regenerative braking
The Tesla Roadster is an electric car with this braking

22. The Tesla Roadster