1. DATA COMMUNICATION
Lecture-16

2. Recap of Lecture 15 Types of Digital-To-Digital Encoding
Unipolar Encoding
Polar Encoding
Bipolar Encoding

3. Overview of Lecture 16 Analog-to-Digital Conversion
Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)
Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
Quantization
Binary Encoding
Digital-To-Digital Conversion

4. Conversion Methods

5. Types of Digital-to-Digital Encoding
Digital/Digital Encoding
Unipolar
Polar
Bipolar

6. Example 5.1
Using B8ZS, encode the bit stream Assume that the polarity of the first 1 is positive.

7. Analog-to-Digital Conversion

8. Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)
First step in Analog-to-Digital Conversion
This technique takes an Analog signal, Samples it, and Generates a series series of Pulses based on the results of Sampling

9. Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)

10. Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
Modifies pulses created by PAM
Four Separate Processes:
PAM
Quantization
Binary Encoding
Digital/Digital Encoding

11. Quantization
Quantization is a method of assigning integral values in a specific range to the sampled instances

12. Quantization

13. Binary Encoding

14. Result of PCM

15. Full PCM Process

16. Sampling Rate How many samples are sufficient? Nyquist theorem:
The sampling rate must be at least twice the highest frequency

17. Sampling Rate

18. Bit Rate

19. Summary Analog-to-Digital Conversion Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)
Quantization
Binary Encoding
Digital-To-Digital Conversion

20. Suggested Reading
Section 5.2, “Data Communications and Networking” 2nd Edition by Behrouz A. Forouzan