1. Revolution in Russia
Ch.14 Section.1

2. Czars Resist Change
Practiced cruel/oppressive rule in the late 19th century-----caused social unrest
Alexander III considered the following dangerous:
Questioned absolute monarchy
Worshiped outside of the Russian Orthodox Church
Spoke any language other than Russian
Harsh measures:
Censorship on published materials, written documents, & personal letters
Secret Police: monitored high schools/universities
Prisoners sent to Siberia
Attacked minority groups (JEWS)

3. Russia Industrializes
Started with foreign investors and raising taxes
Main components
Heavy Industry
STEEL industry: 1900 Russia ranked 4th (Only behind U.S., Germany, & GB)
Trans-Siberian Railway: connected ”European-Russia” with Pacific markets

4. Revolution Movement Growth of factories brought problems:
Harsh working conditions
Low wages
Child labor
Karl Marx: believed industrial working class would overthrow the Czar
Proletariat (workers) would rule the country
Marxists Split
Mensheviks- wanted a large number to support rev.
Bolsheviks- wanted small number radical to the cause
Vladimir Lenin: leader of Bolsheviks
Exiled to Switzerland due to fear of death by Czar’s gov.

5. Crisis Lead to revolution
Russo-Japanese War
Fought over Manchuria
Unrest started after citizens heard about defeats
Bloody Sunday
200,000 workers/families Czar’s Winter Palace
Started numerous strikes
WWI
Revealed weakness of leadership & military
Soldiers abandoned cause & economy was failing

6. March Revolution
March 1917—200,000 workers began rioting in the streets of Petrograd
Czar Nicholas II forced to step down—executed a year later
Provisional Gov. established
Alexander Kerensky headed it and support for WWI cost him support
Soviets: local councils of workers, peasants, and soldiers
Lenin returned to Russia by Germany in hopes of ending fighting between Germany and Russia

7. Bolshevik Revolution Lenin soon gained control of major Russian cities
Nov. 1917: Bolsheviks (Lenin) stormed the Winter Palace and took over the government
Lenin’s Plan
Distributed all farm land to peasants
Gave control of factories to workers
Ended fighting with Germany—Treaty of Brest- Litovsk

8. Russian Civil War White Army vs. Red Army
White Army: return of Russia to the Czar and wanted a democratic gov.
Led by Leon Trotsky
US sent aid to White Army----did little to help
14 million Russians died in the three yr. war and famine afterwards
Bolsheviks (Red Army) won

9. Lenin restores order War destroyed Russian economy
Trade was at a standstill, industrial production dropped, many skilled workers fled to other countries
New Economic Policy (NEP)
Small-scale capitalism (small profits from crops & private ownership of business)
Gov. kept control of major industries, banks, and communications
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR/Soviet Union)
Bolsheviks became Communist Party
Lenin established a dictatorship

10. Stalin becomes dictator
Lenin suffers stroke in dies in 1924
Competition for power between Joseph Stalin & Leon Trotsky
Stalin plotted his takeover
Name meant “Man of Steel”
As General Secretary he moved people into positions of power
Took control of party in 1928
Forced Trotsky into exile in 1929