1. Plenary
This PowerPoint file contains the Plenary for this chapter in Biology For You.
Most of these slides are paired with a corresponding slide in the PowerPoint of the Learning Objectives for this chapter.
As well as using the relevant slide to test your students and to evaluate how well they have understood each section of work, you may also find the slides useful for a quick revision course.
Chapter 7

2. Homeostasis The body controls internal conditions by 1……………..
The body 2………….. of the body is kept steady at 37 oC The skin is involved in this process by 3…………….. and 4……………...
The level of glucose in the blood is kept steady by the 5…………….. and 6……………..
Blood water level and 7….. are controlled by the 8…………….. Carbon dioxide level in the blood is controlled by the 9……………...
Ch7

3. Homeostasis The body controls internal conditions by homeostasis
The body temperature of the body is kept steady at 37 oC The skin is involved in this process by sweating and vasodilation
The level of glucose in the blood is kept steady by the pancreas and liver
Blood water level and pH are controlled by the kidneys
Carbon dioxide level in the blood is controlled by the lungs.
Ch7

4. Control of blood sugar level
food
glucose falls
glucose rises
glucose
insulin
glycogen
normal blood glucose level
normal blood glucose level
glycogen
glucagon
glucose
glucose rises
glucose falls
exercise
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5. Control of body temperature
The body temperature of humans is 1……… oC.
Body too warm?
Vasodilation allows more blood through the skin so more heat is lost by 2………….. and 3…………………
Sweat glands release sweat to lose heat through 4 …………………. .
Body too cold?
5…………………………….. , less heat loss.
Sweat glands stop.
Shivering, 6………………… contract to generate heat.
Ch7

6. Control of body temperature
The body temperature of humans is 37 oC.
Body too warm?
Vasodilation allows more blood through the skin so more heat is lost by radiation and convection.
Sweat glands release sweat to lose heat through evaporation.
Body too cold?
Vasoconstriction: less heat loss.
Sweat glands stop.
Shivering: muscles contract to generate heat.
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7. Vasoconstriction Vasodilation1
dilate 2
more blood flows in capillaries 3
radiation 4
evaporation 5
constrict 6
less blood flows in capillaries
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8. Excretion Excretion is the removal of 1………. from our cells.
Lungs remove carbon dioxide from the 2………….
The sweat glands release 3………….. in the sweat.
The liver:
excretes waste in 4……………
makes urea from spare 5…………. …………….
The kidneys remove 6……………., spare water and spare salt 7…………….. from the blood.
Ch7

9. Excretion Excretion is the removal of waste from our cells.
Lungs remove carbon dioxide from the blood.
The sweat glands release urea in the sweat.
The liver:
excretes waste in bile
makes urea from excess amino acids.
The kidneys remove urea, excess water and spare salt ions from the blood.
Ch7

10. The kidney Blood containing………and oxygen.
Blood containing ……… urea and less oxygen.
Urine trickles to the bladder. Urine contains urea, excess water and excess ……….
Small molecules like water, ions, urea and ……….… enter the nephron by ………………….
Glucose water and ions re-enter blood by …………………….……against the ………………….. gradient which involves active transport.
urea 1 2 3 4 5
less
ions
glucose
ultrafiltration
selective reabsorption
concentration
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11. The kidney tubule name : function a ……………… : ……………. b ……………… : …………….
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12. The kidney tubule name : function a glomerulus : ultrafiltration
b capsule : receives filtered blood
c 1st coiled tube : selective reabsorption
d collecting duct : target for ADH
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13. Control of blood water content
not enough …………. in the blood
water
pituitary gland releases ……………
ADH
kidney …………………. more water from the urine
reabsorbs
makes a small volume of ……………………… urine
concentrated
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14. Control of blood water content
too much …………. in the blood
water
pituitary gland stops releasing ……
ADH
kidney …………………. less water from the urine
reabsorbs
you make a large volume of
………… urine
dilute
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15. Diabetes
Diabetics cannot 1………….. their blood glucose.They do not make the hormone 2………
Glucose can often be found in their 3……….
The condition can be controlled by:
carefully balanced diet
………. injections.
1 control
2 insulin
3 urine
4 insulin
Blood glucose 5………………..if a diabetic eats too much sugar or does not get enough insulin.
Blood sugar 6…………….. if a diabetic eats too little sugar or takes too much insulin.
5 rises
6 drops
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16. Genetically engineered insulin
Diabetes used to be treated with insulin extracted from the pancreas of ……….. or cows after they had been slaughtered for meat.
Now insulin is made from genetically …………. bacteria. It is called humulin.
This humulin is better because:
it is the same as …………. insulin
it has less side ……………
it is more acceptable to ……………..
it is more acceptable to some ………….
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17. The kidney machine Kidney transplant
Urea ………… out of the blood, across the dialysis membrane into the dialysis …………
The dialysis fluid already has salts and ………… in it so they do …… diffuse across.
Kidney transplant
The failed kidney is replaced with one from a ……….
The patients ………… system has to be suppressed with drugs to stop the new kidney from being ………….
This makes the patient more vulnerable to other ………….
Ch7

18. The kidney machine Kidney transplant
Urea diffuses out of the blood, across the dialysis membrane into the dialysis fluid.
The dialysis fluid already has salts and glucose in it so they do not diffuse across.
Kidney transplant
The failed kidney is replaced with one from a donor.
The patients immune system has to be suppressed with drugs to stop the new kidney from being rejected.
This makes the patient more vulnerable to other diseases.
Ch7