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Topographic Maps
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There are Planimetric (street) maps, and Physiographic (bumpy) maps
There are Planimetric (street) maps, and Physiographic (bumpy) maps. TOPOGRAPHIC Maps combine information from these two into one map!
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Topographic Map of the same land form. . . .
TOPOGRAPHY: Three-dimensional characteristics of land. Topographic maps show elevation as well as distance on a map 3 – D land form 2 – D surface Topographic Map of the same land form
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Can you see the relation-ship
Can you see the relation-ship? Point out some common key locations, if you can. . .
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There are MANY Topographic Map Symbols, but you will only be held responsible for a few. .
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Copy/draw the following common patterns/symbols with your teacher:
Depression contour: Hilltop/mountain top feature: Stream or canyon: Cliff or steep slope: Flat or gentle slope:
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Map Scale (FRACTIONAL)
“COLON” Found in bottom margin of topo map. Scale will look something like this 1:24,000 This means one unit of measurement is equal to 24,000 units of measurement. Example: One cm on the map is equal to 24,000 cm on the ground. Same as saying the map is 1/24,000 the size of the area it represents.
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Map Scale (GRAPHIC) The kind you can use
“BAR” 1.0 ½ The kind you can use As a bar of measure that you hold up to a map to find distance Map Scales here
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Some map Scale advice The larger the second number is in the ratio, the less detail seen on the map (zoom out). 1:24,000 scale 1:75,000 scale
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CONTOUR LINES A line connecting points of the same elevation.
INDEX CONTOUR – has an elevation number on it INTERMEDIATE CONTOUR – has no number
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Basic Contour Line Rules
(1) Where a contour line crosses a stream or valley, the contour line bends to form a “V” that always points upstream. Valley “V” points upstream
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(2) Contour lines are widely spaced on gentle slopes or flatter land.
(3) They are closely spaced on steep slopes. (4) Evenly spaced contour lines indicate a uniform slope.
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(5) Contour lines do not cross or intersect each other
(6) All contour lines eventually close on the map or beyond its margins. (7) Contours that form closed loops indicate a hill or mountainous structure.
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INTERVAL – How many feet in elevation you go up with each line. . .
High Index Line Number – Low Index number Number of Spaces in Between Contour Interval = 200 – 100 5 spaces Contour Interval = 20 feet
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What’s the contour interval of this map?
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About what elevation would the “Corral” be?
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Let’s say point D is at 500 feet, and the Contour Interval = 20 ft
Let’s say point D is at 500 feet, and the Contour Interval = 20 ft. Name the elevations of all the letters. . .
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Bench Mark (X) – elevation 4392
What is a Benchmark? A benchmark is a known elevation at a certain point Usually seen at high elevations Bench Mark (X) – elevation 4392
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** END OF PART I ****
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A person’s PROFILE is a side view of the contours of their face
A person’s PROFILE is a side view of the contours of their face. A land profile is the same thing.
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PART II: How to Make a PROFILE of a Topo Map
PART II: How to Make a PROFILE of a Topo Map. (This is making a “side view” of a land form from a “flat” map.) Area of Profile
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Area of Profile with contour lines added:
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Map Profile (side view of 3-D)
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Map Profile with elevation:
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Drawing a Profile
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Drawing a Profile
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Connect the elevation points:
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