1. History, Parts, and Usage
Microscopes
History, Parts, and Usage

2. History of the Microscope
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (mid 1600s)
“father of microscopy”
looked at water through a simple light microscope (one lens, natural light)

3. History of Microscopes
Robert Hooke (1665)
Used a compound light microscope (series of lenses, up to 1500x magnification)
Looked at cork (dead oak cells)
Saw geometric shapes  named them “cells”

4. History of Microscopes
Matthias Schleiden (1830s)
Concluded that all plants are made of cells
Theodore Schwann (1830s)
Concluded that all animals are made of cells

5. History of Microscopes
Cell Theory
All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
The cell is the basic unit of organization in organisms.
All cells come from pre-existing cells.

6. History of Microscopes
Electron Microscope (1940s)
Uses beam of electrons instead of light
Magnifies up to 500,000x
Two types:
Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
See surfaces in 3D
Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
See structures inside cells

7. History of Microscopes

8. History of Microscopes
Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM)
See atoms on surface of molecules
100,000,000x

9. Compound Microscope Parts

10. Microscope Usage To calculate total magnification of microscope:
eyepiece x objective
(Eyepiece always 10x.)
Example: If objective lens is set on 4x, what is the total magnification of the microscope?

11. Microscope Usage
Always carry microscope with one hand on the arm and one hand on the base.
Always look to the SIDE when LOWERING the objectives.
Always begin viewing specimen on the LOWEST power, then work up.
The coarse adjustment must only be used on the LOWEST power. Use fine adjustment on higher powers.