1. Bleeding Kansas
EQ: How was Popular Sovereignty applied in Kansas, and how effective was its use?

2. Flashback to Missouri Compromise
“KANSAS SHOULD BE A FREE STATE!”

3. The Transcontinental Railroad
To fully take advantage of Manifest Destiny, Americans start to push for a railroad that will connect the country from East Coast to West Coast
North and South fight over where to put the railroad

4. The Gadsden Purchase
Franklin Pierce’s Secretary of War Jefferson Davis (this guy becomes VERY important soon…remember his name) sends James Gadsden to purchase this land from Mexico for $10 Million- opens up Southern railroad route.

5. Stephen Douglas
The Little Giant has other ideas! He wants the railroad to go through Illinois.

6. The Kansas-Nebraska Act- 1854
Repealed the Missouri Compromise
Created 2 territories- Kansas and Nebraska
Slavery in both territories would be determined by popular sovereignty
Nebraska would most definitely be a free state while Kansas could possibly be a slave state
Bill pushed through by Stephen Douglas

7. The Kansas Nebraska Act

8. Reaction to Kansas-Nebraska
Supported by all Southerners and some Northern Democrats
Supported by President Franklin Pierce (Democrat)
Most Northerners are furious- We had a deal with the Missouri Compromise
Creates controversy across the country

9. Other Effects: Divides Northern Democrats
Divides and destroys the Whig Party
Most importantly- leads to the creation of the Republican Party (more on parties tomorrow)

10. Popular Sovereignty= Epic Fail
The vote in Kansas is extremely corrupt and ends up being for pro-slavery.
Pro-slavery groups (called Border Ruffians) and Ant-Slavery groups (called Free-Staters) “move” into Kansas to affect the voting outcome.
1,500 registered voters and 6,307 votes are cast.

11. 1 Territory but 2 Governments
Pro-Slavery supporters set up a government in Lecompton
Anti-Slavery supporters set up a government in Topeka
President Franklin Pierce supports pro-slavery government (Big Surprise)
The constant fights and overall tension in the territory earns it the nickname “Bloody Kansas” or “Bleeding Kansas”

12. The Sack of Lawrence Pro-Slavery posse attacks free staters city
Burn governors house, destroy printing press, and try to intimidate free staters (only death was pro slavery raider who was crushed by ceiling)

13. John Brown and the Pottawatomie Massacre
Enter John Brown. He and his 4 sons drag pro slavery supporters from their homes and hack them to death with broadswords.
Leaves their mutilated bodies as a warning to others
We aren’t done with John Brown yet…more on him later.

14. The Beating of Charles Sumner
Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner gives a speech in the Senate “The Crime Against Kansas”.
Ridiculed the Kansas-Nebraska Act and it’s authors, Sen. Stephen Douglass of IL and Andrew Butler from SC.
Used sexually suggestive language regarding Butler and the female slaves he owned; speech was intentionally crass and crude.
Rep. Preston Brooks (Sen. Butler’s cousin) is angry at the slander and vows revenge.
2 days later, Brooks enters the Senate chambers, walks up to Sumner and beats him at his desk with a cane, almost killing Sumner.

15. Sumner a Martyr, Brooks a Hero
Sumner is a Martyr in the north, and Brooks is a hero in the south
Southern plantation owners send over 1,000 canes to Brooks telling him to “Hit Him Again”

16. Sumner Beating
Brooks is convicted of battery, but the House was unable to expel him (he resigned anyway).
In his own defense, Brooks said he didn’t intend to kill Sumner…if had intended to do so, he would’ve used a different weapon 
After beating, many Senators entered the Chambers armed with weapons to protect themselves.
Brooks is reelected to Congress after resigning.
Brooks/Sumner incident reflects a breakdown of reasoning over the issue of slavery.
In the North, it showed anti-slavery elements that the south had lost interest in trying to find a peaceful solution to slavery.

17. The Legacy of Bleeding Kansas
Kansas becomes a free state in 1861 after secession begins
John Brown becomes a controversial hero for the North
North/South tensions at an all time high- Civil War is all but inevitable.