1. Splash Screen

2. Section 1: National and State Powers
Essential Question
Section 1: National and State Powers
Section 2: Relations Among the States
Section 3: Developing Federalism
Section 4: Federalism and Politics
Chapter Summary
Chapter Menu

3. How does the overall power of the national government compare to that of the states?
Essential Question

4. Chapter Preview-End

5. Section 1-Content Vocabulary
delegated powers
expressed powers
implied powers
elastic clause
inherent powers
reserved powers
supremacy clause
concurrent powers
enabling act
Section 1-Content Vocabulary

6. Section 1-Academic Vocabulary
authority
affect
amendment
Section 1-Academic Vocabulary

7. Section 1-Reading Strategy
As you read, create a graphic organizer like the one below to keep track of national powers and state powers.
Section 1-Reading Strategy

8. Section 1-Polling Question
Of the different types of national delegated powers, which is the most influential?
A. expressed powers
B. implied powers
C. inherent powers A B C
Section 1-Polling Question

9. The Division of Powers
The Constitution preserves the basic design of federalism—the division of government powers.
It divides government authority between the national and state governments.
The national and state governments also share some powers.
Section 1

10. A. the states and the people. B. the people and foreign diplomats.
The Constitution divides government authority by giving certain specified powers to the national government and to
A. the states and the people.
B. the people and foreign diplomats.
C. allied countries.
D. the judicial branch. A B C D
Section 1 – DQ1

11. National Powers
The powers the Constitution grants the national government are called delegated powers.
The three types of delegated powers are:
Expressed powers—those powers directly expressed or stated in the Constitution by the Founders. Most of these powers are found in the first three articles of the Constitution.
Section 1

12. National Powers (cont.)
Implied powers—the authority that the national government requires to carry out the powers that are expressly defined in the Constitution.
The elastic clause is the basis for the implied powers because it allows the powers of Congress to stretch.
Inherent powers—those powers that the national government may exercise simply because it is a government.
Section 1

13. The authority that the national government requires to carry out the powers that are expressly defined in the Constitution are called
A. reserved powers.
B. implied powers.
C. inherent powers.
D. concurrent powers. A B C D
Section 1 – DQ2

14. The States and the Nation
The powers the Constitution reserves strictly for the states are called reserved powers.
States have authority over some matters not found in the Constitution.
The supremacy clause—Article VI, Section 2—makes the acts and treaties of the United States supreme.
Division of Federal and State Powers
Section 1

15. The States and the Nation (cont.)
Concurrent powers are those powers that the national government and states both have.
Concurrently with the national government, the states may exercise any power not reserved by the Constitution for the national government given state actions do not conflict with national laws.
Denied powers are those powers denied to all levels of government by Article I, Section 9 of the Constitution.
Section 1

16. A. power to regulate intrastate commerce
Which of these powers is denied to the states by Article I of the Constitution?
A. power to regulate intrastate commerce
B. power to create local governments
C. power to coin money
D. power to administer elections A B C D
Section 1 – DQ3

17. Guarantees to the States
The Constitution obliges the national government to do three things for the states:
The national government must guarantee each state a republican form of government.
The national government must protect states from invasion and domestic violence.
The national government has the duty to respect the territorial integrity of each state.
Section 1

18. The national government is obliged to protect the states from
A. invasion.
B. natural disasters.
C. domestic violence.
D. all of the above. A B C D
Section 1 – DQ4

19. Admission of New States
The Constitution gives Congress the power to admit new states to the Union. There are two restrictions on this power:
No state may be formed by taking territory from one or more states without the consent of the states involved and of Congress.
Acts of admission are subject to presidential veto.
Section 1

20. Admission of New States (cont.)
An enabling act, when signed by the president, enables the people of a territory interested in becoming a state to prepare a constitution.
The territory’s constitution is submitted to Congress who, if agreeable, passes an act admitting the territory as a state.
Congress or the president may impose certain conditions before admitting a new state, including requiring changes in the drafted constitution submitted by a territory.
Section 1

21. Admission of New States (cont.)
Once admitted to the Union, each state is equal to every other state and has rights to control its internal affairs.
All states in the Union are bound to support the Constitution.
Section 1

22. Which of the following is NOT true about new states?
A. It has equal rights with other states.
B. It does not get representation in Congress for the first year.
C. It is bound to uphold the Constitution. A B C
Section 1 – DQ5

23. National Governors’ Association
The National Governors’ Association (NGA) supports federalism by helping governors in state policy making and in influencing national policy.
Through the NGA, states share ideas on how to solve problems.
By joining together, the governors have become a bigger part of national policy-making.
Section 1

24. State governors can influence national policy.
A. True
B. False A B
Section 1 – DQ6

25. Obligations of the States
State and local governments conduct and pay for elections of all national government officials.
States play a key role in the process of amending the Constitution. According to the Constitution, no amendment can be added to it unless three-fourths of the states approve it.
Section 1

26. Which of the following is an obligation of the states?
A. coining money
B. conducting elections
C. providing an army
D. regulating interstate commerce A B C D
Section 1 – DQ7

27. The Courts as Umpire
Because federalism divides the powers of government, conflicts often arise between national and state governments.
By settling such disputes, the federal court system, particularly the Supreme Court, plays a key role of umpire for our federal system.
Through the years, the Court’s view of how power should be divided between state and national governments has shifted in response to national trends and according to the makeup of the Court.
Section 1

28. Who settles most disputes between national and state governments?
A. the president
B. the Supreme Court
C. state governors
D. the Senate A B C D
Section 1 – DQ8

29. Section 1-End

30. Section 2-Content Vocabulary
extradite
civil law
interstate compact
Section 2-Content Vocabulary

31. Section 2-Academic Vocabulary
interact
license
residency
Section 2-Academic Vocabulary

32. Section 2-Reading Strategy
As you read, use a cause-and-effect diagram to think about issues that lead states to make interstate compacts.
Section 2-Reading Strategy

33. Section 2-Polling Question
Which use of interstate compacts is the most important for promoting cooperation between states?
A. dealing with natural resources
B. dealing with air and water pollution
C. settling boundary disputes
D. preventing alliances among states A B C D
Section 2-Polling Question

34. Interstate Relations
Article IV of the Constitution requires that states must give “full faith and credit” to the laws, records, and court decisions of other states.
This clause applies only to civil law, or laws relating to disputes between individuals, groups, or with the state.
Judicial decisions in civil matters in one state will be honored and enforced in all states.
Section 2

35. Interstate Relations (cont.)
One state cannot discriminate unreasonably against citizens of another state—they must have the same privileges and immunities as citizens of that state.
The states must extradite—return to a state—criminals and fugitives who flee across state lines to escape justice.
States must settle their differences with one another peacefully.
Section 2

36. Interstate Relations (cont.)
Interstate compacts are written agreements between two or more states.
Suits among two or more states are heard in the U.S. Supreme Court.
Examples of Interstate Compacts
Section 2

37. A. an interstate compact. B. immunity. C. extradition.
Returning a criminal who has crossed state lines to escape justice is called
A. an interstate compact.
B. immunity.
C. extradition.
D. full faith and credit. A B C D
Section 2 – DQ1

38. Section 2-End

39. Section 3-Content Vocabulary
states’ rights position
nationalist position
income tax
preemption
Section 3-Content Vocabulary

40. Section 3-Academic Vocabulary
convince
subordinate
allocate
Section 3-Academic Vocabulary

41. Section 3-Reading Strategy
As you read, use a table like the one below to track the positions of states’ rightists and nationalists.
Section 3-Reading Strategy

42. Section 3-Polling Question
Which of these provisions has contributed most to the growth in power of the national government?
A. the war powers
B. the power to regulate interstate commerce
C. the power to tax and spend A B C
Section 3-Polling Question

43. States’ Rightists and Nationalists
The states’ rights position is the view of federalism that favors state and local action in dealing with problems.
This view is that the Constitution is a compact among the states.
States’ rightists believe state governments are closer to the people and can better reflect their wishes than the national government.
Section 3

44. States’ Rightists and Nationalists (cont.)
The nationalist position rejects the idea of the Constitution as a compact among the states.
This view argues that because the people created both the national and state governments, the national government is not subordinate to the states.
Section 3

45. States’ Rightists and Nationalists (cont.)
Nationalists believe the powers delegated to the national government should be expanded as necessary to carry out the people’s will.
Nationalists also believe the national government stands for all the people, while each state speaks for only part of the people.
Section 3

46. A. nationalist position B. states’ rights position A B
Which position rejects the idea of the Constitution as a compact among the states?
A. nationalist position
B. states’ rights position A B
Section 3 – DQ1

47. Growing National Government
To meet the needs of a modern nation, the Supreme Court, Congress, and the president have stretched the powers of the central government using three provisions of the Constitution:
The war powers—the national government has been given the authority to wage war.
The power to regulate interstate commerce.
Section 3

48. Growing National Government (cont.)
The power to tax and spend—the Sixteenth Amendment gave Congress the power to levy an income tax.
Sometimes Congress uses taxes to regulate businesses.
Congress can use taxes to influence states to adopt certain programs.
Section 3

49. A. the direct election of Senators
Which constitutional provision is supported by the Sixteenth amendment?
A. the direct election of Senators
B. the right for all citizens to vote
C. the power to tax
D. the limit on presidential terms A B C D
Section 3 – DQ2

50. Federal Aid to the States
Congress has two major ways to influence the policies of state and local governments:
by providing federal grants of money, and
by mandating state and local governments to follow certain policies.
Federal Revenue Returns to the States, 2005
Section 3

51. Federal Aid to the States (cont.)
The national government provides money to the states through federal grants— sums of money given to state or local governments for specific purposes.
Taxes are collected by the federal government from the states and then allocated through grants to people in many states.
Federal Revenue Returns to the States, 2005
Section 3

52. Federal Aid to the States (cont.)
Since the mid-1960s, Congress has used preemption—the federal government’s ability to take over a state government function.
Preemption laws can limit state and local authority by restraining their power or by mandating them to do certain things.
Federal Revenue Returns to the States, 2005
Section 3

53. The federal government’s ability to take over a state government function is called
A. allocation.
B. preemption.
C. extradition.
D. regulation. A B C D
Section 3 – DQ3

54. Section 3-End

55. Section 4-Content Vocabulary
sunset law
sunshine law
bureaucracy
Section 4-Content Vocabulary

56. Section 4-Academic Vocabulary
role
community
analyst
Section 4-Academic Vocabulary

57. Section 4-Reading Strategy
As you read, fill in a graphic organizer like the one to the right to show how federalism affects political participation.
Section 4-Reading Strategy

58. Section 4-Polling Question
Should the division of powers between national and state government favor the national government or state government?
A. state government
B. national government A B
Section 4-Polling Question

59. Federalism and Public Policy
When a government settles on a course of action, it is called public policy.
Federalism influences public policy in two ways:
It influences how and where policies are made.
It places certain limits on policy making.
Section 4

60. Federalism and Public Policy (cont.)
A sunset law is a provision in a law that sets an automatic end date for the law.
Lawmakers are forced to review the need for continuing law beyond that date.
Sunshine laws prohibit public officials from holding closed meetings.
Section 4

61. What type of laws prohibit public officials from holding closed meetings?
A. sunshine laws
B. twilight laws
C. sunset laws A B C
Section 4 – DQ1

62. Federalism and Political Parties
Federalism makes it possible for different political parties to be victorious in state, local, and federal elections.
This lessens the risk of one party having a monopoly of political power.
Section 4

63. By allowing different political parties to be victorious in state, local and federal elections federalism lessens the risk of
A. two parties having equal political power.
B. creating new political parties.
C. one party having all of the political power.
D. disputes between political parties. A B C D
Section 4 – DQ2

64. Political Participation
Federalism provides for political participation of citizens by allowing them to:
run for local office,
lobby the state government, and
campaign for a candidate for national office.
Section 4

65. Political Participation (cont.)
American federalism gives citizens many points of access to government leaders and increases their opportunities for influencing public policy.
Americans have the chance to vote often for governors, state lawmakers and many other state and local officials.
Americans may work with special-interest groups to influence national policies and state and local government agencies.
Section 4

66. Political Participation (cont.)
Federalism provides an increased chance that one’s political participation will have some practical impact on policy.
Section 4

67. B. lobby the state government. C. campaign for a national candidate.
Federalism encourages citizen participation in politics by allowing them to
A. run for local office.
B. lobby the state government.
C. campaign for a national candidate.
D. all of the above. A B C D
Section 4 – DQ3

68. Federalism’s Bureaucrats
The great increase in federal programs in the mid-1930s called for a large bureaucracy, or organization of government administrators, to carry out legislation.
The increase in federal programs has changed how state and federal officials relate to one another.
Government Employees
Section 4

69. The organization of government administrators that carries out legislation is called:
A. bureaucracy.
B. federalism.
C. technocracy. A B C
Section 4 – DQ4

70. Differences Among the States
Federalism allows for real economic and political differences among the states because it permits each state considerable freedom in arranging its own internal affairs.
Because states create different economic and political environments, Americans can choose among a range of conditions under which they want to live.
Section 4

71. Federalism provides for economic differences among the states by
A. passing federal laws that require it.
B. imposing interstate commerce laws.
C. giving states freedom to arrange its internal affairs. A B C
Section 4 – DQ5

72. The Direction of Federalism
Since the founding of the country, there has always been a debate about what the proper division of powers between the national government and the states should be.
The general tendency over the years has been in favor of the national government, but the power balance is constantly evolving in response to new issues.
Because of the relatively even distribution of party seats in recent Congresses, legislation has reflected both positions.
Section 4

73. The general tendency in the United States over the years has been in favor of state governments.
A. True
B. False A B
Section 4 – DQ6

74. Section 4-End

75. The Constitution delegates certain powers to national government
Federal System
The Constitution delegates certain powers to national government
Some powers are shared by the federal government and states
All other powers are reserved to the states or the people
Chapter Summary start

76. Developing Federalism
States’ rights position favors the power of states over national government
Nationalist position favors supremacy of national government over states
Size and power of national government expanded over the years to meet the needs of a modern industrial nation
Today states are gaining responsibility as federal government loosens regulations
Chapter Summary

77. Federalism and Politics
Federalism determines whether public policy originates at local, state, or national level
Federalism lessens the risk of one political party monopolizing power
Federalism gives citizens greater opportunities to participate in politics
Chapter Summary

78. Chapter Summary – end of

79. Figure 1

80. Figure 2

81. Figure 3

82. Figure 4

83. MIR Trans

84. DFS Trans 1 ANSWERS 1. between 1960 and 1970
2. about three and a half times larger  
3. Possible answer: There are many more local governments than state and federal governments.
DFS Trans 1

85. ANSWERS
1. California, Nebraska, North Carolina and Texas: no automatic cancellation; Wisconsin: after four years  
2. Wisconsin: a voter can register on Election Day  
3. the Constitution
DFS Trans 2

86. ANSWERS
1. Virginia receives the largest total amount and the smallest per capita amount of federal aid.  
2. The population of Hawaii is larger than the population of Alaska.  
3. Virginia
DFS Trans 3

87. DFS Trans 4 ANSWERS 1. voting and signing a petition
2. Answers will vary.
3. Possible answers: study issues, attend meetings, write letters to elected officials, volunteer
DFS Trans 4

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