1. Europe
Unit 4

2. Cultural Geography of Europe

3. Ethnic Diversity Ethnic Groups Ethnic Tensions Sources of Unity
More than 30 countries
160 ethnic groups
Most countries have 2 or more major groups
Ethnic Tensions
Balkan Peninsula- fighting in the 1990’s in the former Yugoslavia
Sources of Unity
Shared family values
Cultural achievements
Commitment to democracy & providing for the public good

4. ETHNIC DIVERSITY AT WORK

5. Population Characteristics
Population Density
6th largest continent
3rd largest population
Some of the most densely populated cities in the world
Population Distribution
Most densely populated areas are the places with temperate climate
Plains areas
Areas with mineral resources
Inland waterways

6. URBANIZATION

9. Industrial Revolution
Started in Europe in the late 1700’s
75% of Europeans live in cities
Urban Features
Overcrowded and facing pollution problems
Unique mixture of old and new ways of life
Population Movements
Immigrants from N. Africa, SW Asia, S Asia and the Caribbean came to Europe in the 1950’s & 1960’s
Population is shrinking due to low birth rates

11. The Rise of Europe
Humans lived in Europe more than 1,000,000 years ago
6000 B.C.- farming spread from SW Asia to many parts of Europe
With the rise of farming, many Europeans settled in villages

12. ANCIENT GREECE & ROME

13. Ancient Greece Ancient Rome
Laid the foundations for western civilization
Mountains and maritime location led to the rise of separate city-states
linked by a common culture and language
Government, art, literature, theatre and philosophy
Ancient Rome
1st a Republic, then an empire
At its height the empire spanned most of Europe, SW Asia, & N Africa
Imitated Greek culture, & added developments in gov’t, law, & engineering

14. Christian Europe
In the late 300’s the Roman empire was divided into eastern & western 1/2s
Western Europe was defined by its form of christianity-Roman Catholicism
Eastern Europe became Eastern Orthodoxy

16. Feudalism replaced strong central gov’t
After the fall of the Roman Empire, Europe entered into the Middle Ages (dark ages)
Feudalism replaced strong central gov’t
Other religious influences rather than Christianity
Jews & Muslims settled in parts of southern Europe

18. European Expansion
Crusades-brutal religious wars to regain Palestine from Muslim control
Failed to win Palestine
Extended trade routes to the eastern Mediterranean world

20. Expansion of Europe The Renaissance Exploration
Era of discovery and learning
Revived interest in the classics
Sparked advances in arts, education, & literature
Reformation of Christianity
Exploration
During the 1400’s Europeans began exploring other parts of the world
Resulted in conquest of foreign lands
Lead to increase in trade, wealth, & power

22. A Changing Europe
During the late 1600’s and 1700’s educated Europeans emphasized the importance of reason and began questioning long-standing traditions and values
This was known as the Enlightenment

23. Revolutions French Revolution: Industrial Revolution: Communism:
Late 1600’s power of the monarchy was limited in England
French overthrew their king
By 1900’s most European countries were democratic
Industrial Revolution:
1700’s
Changes in manufacturing, transportation, & communications led to the rise of industrial capitalism
New classes emerged
Communism:
Late 1800’s
Inequalities between rich & poor led to a movement that developed into economic equality

24. The French Revolution

25. Industrial Revolution
The
Industrial Revolution

26. Communist
Revolution

27. Conflict & Division WWI- (1914-1918) WWII- (1939-1945)
Age of imperialism
Alliances between countries led to conflict
WWII- ( )
New countries, unresolved issues
Rise to power of Hitler & Mussolini
Holocaust- racial killing of 6,000,000 Jews by the Germans
WWII left Europe ruined and divided
Communist east, democratic west
Berlin became the “hot point” of the new cold war

29. Cold War Changing Europe
During the cold war W. European countries were more productive economically
Led to world wide rivalry between communist and capitalist countries
Soviet Union falls in 1989
Berlin Wall falls in 1990
This leads to Europe becoming more unified
EU: economic & political unity

32. Expression of Culture

33. Languages 50 different languages More than 100 dialects
Most are indo-european
Slavic languages of e. Europe
Germanic languages of n. Europe
Romance languages of s. Europe (indo-european)

35. Religion Mostly Christian Muslims in SE Europe
S. europe=Roman Catholic
N. Europe= Protestant
Muslims in SE Europe
Jewish communities found in numerous spots
Religious freedom restricted in communist states
Today many worship freely
Religious conflicts in SE Europe and in N. Ireland

37. The Arts
Rich history of painting, sculpture, music, theatre, and literature
Religious beliefs are represented in Europe's art
From the renaissance on art became much more secular

39. Quality of Life Education Human Services
Among the world’s best educated
Literacy rates above 90%
State sponsored universities
Human Services
Social welfare programs
Health care, social security, education
Large portions of budgets are set aside for social programs

41. Lifestyles

42. Home Life Sports & Rec Celebrations Very important
Women work, families are more mobile
Gov’t agencies provide many social concerns once handled by families
Sports & Rec
Soccer is most popular sport
Sports are related to climate, landscape, & culture
Celebrations
Celebrate Christian, Jewish, & Muslim religious festivals
National & patriotic holidays

43. THE END