1. Threshold
What was Abraham Lincoln’s concept of sustainability about?

2. Lincoln’s Concept of Sustainability
America’s sustainability then and now…

3. Union: Reasons for Fighting
To save the Union
To abolish slavery (after the war began)

4. Confederacy: Reasons for Fighting
To keep its traditional ways of life, including slavery
To establish its right to leave the Union

5. Union Strengths Larger population to serve and supply army
Factories to produce weapons and supplies
Rail lines to transport troops and supplies
Strong navy and large fleet
Lincoln was strong leader and good war planner

6. Rating the North & the South

7. Slave/Free States Population, 1861

8. Railroad Lines, 1860

9. North and South at the Beginning of Hostilities

10. North and South at the Beginning of Hostilities

11. North and South at the Beginning of Hostilities

12. North and South at the Beginning of Hostilities

13. Confederacy Strengths
Fighting a defensive war
More familiar with countryside
Wooded terrain provided good defensive cover
Many of army’s best officers

14. Union Strategies Use navy to blockade southern ports
Seize the Confederate capital at Richmond
Seize control of Mississippi River

15. Confederate Strategies
Fight a defensive war until northerners get tired of fighting
Rely on European money and supplies to help fight war

16. Battle at Chancellorsville

17. First day at Gettysburg
July 1st,1863

18. Casualties of American Wars
1. World War II
407,316
2. World War I
116,708
3. Vietnamese Conflict
58,168
4. Korean Conflict
54,246
5. American Revolution
4,435
6. Spanish-American War
2,456
7. War of 1812
2,260
8. Mexican War
1,733
9. Indian Wars
1,000
10. Gulf War
293
TOTAL
648,615
How do the casualties of the Civil War compare
to the casualties of other American wars?

19. Major Battles United States of America (North)
120,000 killed in action
240,000 died of other causes
~360,000 TOTAL Union dead and/or missing
Confederate States of America (South)
95,000 killed in action
165,000 died of other causes
~260,000 TOTAL Confederate dead and/or missing
Total American Civil War dead and missing
~620,000 Union and Confederate soldiers
UNKNOWN total Northern and Southern civilian casualties

20. Civil War Casualties
Union ,000
Confederate ,000
TOTAL ,000
There were nearly as many casualties in the Civil War as in all of America's other wars combined.

21. How can I sustain the Union?
Lincoln’s Dilemmas
Lincoln was confronted by many problems during his presidency, including:
The problem of secession of the Southern states (over the issues of the tariff, settlement of the West, and slavery).
Leading the North to victory would prove extremely exhausting, despite the North’s many advantages.

22. Battle of Antietam—September 17, 1862

23. How do I sustain the Union?

24. Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation was a declaration by United States President Abraham Lincoln announcing that all slaves in Confederate territory still in rebellion were freed.
As Union armies advanced, every week thousands of slaves were liberated.

25. Despite the limited immediate effect on the slaves, the proclamation represented a shift in the war objectives of the North—merely reuniting the nation would no longer become the sole outcome.
Slaves were part of the "engine of war" for the Confederacy. To encourage discontent among slaves in the Confederacy, a million copies of the Emancipation Proclamation were distributed in the Union-occupied South and, as hoped, news of it spread rapidly by word of mouth, arousing hopes of freedom, creating general confusion, and encouraging many to escape.

27. Battle of Gettysburg—July 1st to 3rd ,1863
The bloodiest battle of the Civil War and a key turning point in the war, 51,000 dead or wounded.
Turn to page 537.

28. How do I sustain the Union?
Emancipation?
Winning the Civil War?
Making the USA whole?

29. Gettysburg Address
The speech was given to explain the purpose or reason why war was occurring and what the deaths were for.

30. Permission of use.
Copyright (c) P. Uselding.Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNUFree Documentation License".
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