1. Southeast Asia
p. 556

2. Independence after WW II.
The Netherlands left the Dutch East Indies
The modern nation of Indonesia would be created
The Americans left the Philippines, giving it independence on July 4, 1946
Britain left Malaya, creating Malaysia and Singapore.
Britain left Burma, which, today, is called Myanmar

3. hwk

4. Standards Check, p. 557 Question: Malaysia:
Ensured the well-being of all ethnicities
Myanmar:
Gave preference to the Burman ethnicity

5. Chart, p. 558 (answers) 1. the majority 2.
those groups are not a majority in any specific region of Malaysia.
Instead, they are spread throughout the country.
Northern/central Philippines
Roman Catholic (Christian)
Southern Philippines
Muslim (Sunni)

6. Standards Check, p. 558
Question:
It essentially became a dictatorship

7. Standards Check, p. 559 Question:
Popular protests forced corrupt rulers from office in the Philippines

8. 558 (Write down names of Southeast Asian nations, see map p. 558) (11)
Myanmar (Burma)
Laos
Malaysia
Singapore
Indonesia
East Timor
Brunei
Philippines
Vietnam
Cambodia (Kampuchea)
Thailand

9. Challenges after Independence
Religious conflict.
EC: Name the four predominant religions in Southeast Asia.
Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Christianity
Ethnic conflict (major islands and groups of small islands are different ethnically)
Poverty
Natural disasters (most notably the tsunami of 2004: 230,000 people killed, in 14 countries)
Earthquakes
volcanoes
Popular struggles and riots
Political corruption

10. Autocratic:
A strict government run by a strong personality, some very brutal to their people.
Not as strict as a totalitarian government
Some countries would and still do suffer under such governments.

11. Aung San Suu Kyi:
Daughter of first Burmese leader. She ran for office and won.
The military rejected her popular election in 1990 because she opposed their dictatorship.
Under house arrest, she continued to resist and criticize the military dictatorship non-violently
She was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her peaceful leadership and fight for human rights; while under house arrest.
Freed in 2011; honored by western powers.
Elected to legislature in 2012

12. Myanmar— Independent from Britain since 1948
Military took control in 1989.
Burmans dominate minorities
To keep democracy out of the country, trade is limited.

13. Indonesia The Netherlands did not want to give it up after WW II.
It is rich in petroleum
After the Dutch left.
The military has taken control of the country several times.

14. Sukarno: Led Indonesians against Dutch rule.
Demonstrations and strikes forced the Dutch to leave.
He was elected the first president. 

15. Suharto:
Took control from the military in He ruled for the next 30 years.
He went after the Communists in the country
He had US support
The country was under martial law, with little or no free speech.
An Asian financial failure in 1997 hit Indonesia hard.
Suharto could not handle the demands of the people.
He was forced to resign.

16. Indonesia Other groups want independence from Indonesia
Independence is hard to achieve and hold on to:
Once attained leadership and administration are the greatest challenges
people are not patient with new governments right after a heated, emotional revolution (patrol).
Papua
Aceh
Bali

17. Indonesia’s challenges (3)
Muslim extremists terrorize and kidnap non-Muslim locals and tourists.
In the Moluccas, Muslims and Christians fight sporadically.
90% of Indonesians are Muslim.
It is the most populated Muslim country in the world.
Hinduism and Buddhism also are practiced.
Indonesia is 13,000 or more islands of various sizes.
There are many ethnic groups, some wanting independence
Javanese are about 50%
There are also many Chinese-Indonesians
There have been attacks on Chinese in Java
expat video

18. East Timor: Indonesia seized it after Portugal left in 1975.
In the late 1990s, Timorese rebelled and, with help from the UN and Australia, won independence.

19. The Philippines—
Like Indonesia, it is made up of thousands of islands.
It has had a close and influential relationship with the US since it was granted independence in 1946.
Filipinos established a democratic government
A small, wealthy, powerful elite have dominated politics and controlled government policy.

20. Ferdinand Marcos: Elected president in 1965.
He declared martial law and became dictator soon after.
Used fight against Huks (Filipino Communists) to justify the takeover
US supported him militarily and economically during the Cold War.
He harassed or arrested opponents and critics.
By the 1980s, the communist danger was ending.
Filipinos demanded elections

21. Benigno Aquino (“Ninoy”):
Most popular candidate opposing Marcos in the 1980s
He was assassinated at Manila airport while surrounded by Filipino police.

22. Corazon Aquino: (grey)
Wife of Benigno who continued her dead husband’s candidacy
First vote counts said Marcos won, but evidence proved that Marcos’ government was misrepresenting the vote.
A recount showed Corazon Aquino won the popular election.

23. Marcos Out
Later evidence also showed Marcos ordered the assassination of Aquino.
Cory Aquino’s government planned to arrest and try Marcos for corruption and murder.
He escaped with his wife, Imelda, to Hawai’i, protected by order of President Ronald Reagan.
The US also let Marcos keep the billions he stole from the Filipino people.
Imelda had to leave her 1200 pairs of mostly ordinary shoes behind.

24. Current President: http://www.op.gov.ph/ Benigno S. Aquino III
Just elected, 5/2016: Rodrigo Duterte (nicknamed the “Donald Trump” of the Philippines.
Bring back strict policing
Bring back death penalty (hanging)
Get tough on crime
Rape is not a serious crime
Women are not as important as a man’s needs.

25. Filipino Issues—
The economy is not stable, much income inequality, and grows slowly.
Many live in poverty
Manila, the capital, is a modern, affluent city surrounded by overcrowded slums.
Many government officials are corrupt:
stealing government funds
favoring wealthy citizens and businesses.
Muslim separatists are a major problem in the south.
The United States has troops working with the Filipino army to fight them.
A government tourist video

26. Malaysia—
Malaysia’s territory evolved from the unification of the Malay Peninsula and the Island of Borneo
Under British rule, many ethnic groups lived together.

27. Malaysian Issues Malaysia’s population is still very diverse:
Indian
Chinese
Malaysia has a large Muslim population
It has two law systems,
Secular for non-Muslims
Shari’a for Muslims
Resources and profitable industries include:
Rubber
Electronics
International banking (Kuala Lumpur)
Though Malays still need a fair share of the nation’s wealth, Malaysia is probably the most balanced economy for its society in the region.
Malaysia has avoided much ethnic conflict because of its efforts to include them all. “inclusion”

28. Singapore— A small island and city at the end of the Malay Peninsula
Business and electronics are main industries
All people have a high standard of living.
Authoritarian government is one of the strictest in the world. (stop at subscription point)

29. Brunei— Small nation on the Island of Borneo Ruled by the Sultan
Muslim theocracy
Homophobic laws
It’s primary source of GNP is Oil (rich)
Oil profits support the population

30. Brief Response
What issues do the various peoples and nations of Southeast Asia face? Cite an example for each.