1. BBio 351 – October 13, 2015 Outline for today:
Intro to endocrinology (continued)
Overview of hormones and their sources
3 structural classes
Hormone distribution and activity
The hypothalamic-pituitary axis
Anatomy, including pituitary parts
Tropic hormones and feedback loops
End-of-chapter questions

2. Sherwood Figure 7-1

3. 3 structural classes of signal molecules: hormones
Structure
Synthesis
Transport in blood
Mechanism of action
Examples
Sherwood Table 7-1

4. Which hormones would you expect to have the slowest, longest-lasting effects? Why?

6. Example of a prohormone: POMC
arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/ endocrine/hypopit/acth.html

7. How steroids are made
Sherwood Figure 7-3

8. Hormone distribution & activity

9. The hypothalamic-pituitary axis
Hormones often control the release of other hormones
Tropic hormones
Releasing Hormones
Inhibiting Hormones

10. Anatomy: hypothalamus & pituitary
Sherwood Figure 7-9

11. 2 parts of the pituitary

12. Hypothalamus-pituitary axis & negative feedback
Martini (2015) Figure 18-8
(like Sherwood Figure 7-12)

13. Hypothalamus-pituitary axis & negative feedback
Example: consider thyroid hormone as “Hormone 2.”
Produced by
Effects
Releasing Hormone:
Hormone 1:
Hormone 2:
Thyroid Hormone

14. Nicknames for the pituitary?

15. End-of-chapter questions
(1) Would you expect the concentration of hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones in a systemic venous blood sample to be higher, lower, or the same as the concentration of these hormones in a sample of hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal blood?
Sherwood, page 334

16. End-of-chapter questions
(2) Thinking about the feedback control loop among TRH, TSH, and thyroid hormone, would you expect the concentration of TSH to be normal, above normal, or below normal in an animal whose diet is deficient in iodine (an element essential for synthesizing thyroid hormone)?
Sherwood, page 334

17. End-of-chapter questions
(3) An animal displays symptoms of excess cortisol secretion. What factors could be measured in a blood sample to determine whether the condition is caused by a defect at the hypothalamic/anterior pituitary level or the adrenal cortex level?
Sherwood, page 334

18. Diagnose the singing patient!
What am I getting? I'm flushed and sweating, And I'm hot hot hot! (Hot hot hot!)
My pulse is screaming; It's like I'm dreaming, But I'm not not not. (Not not not.)
A bulging neck and bulging eyes -- Yet my waist has shrunk in size.
Tell me how, in middle age, Can I be low in TSH....
But hyperthermic? (Hyperthermic?) Feeling hot hot hot? (Hot hot hot?)
Image by A.D.A.M.