1. 1
Animal Behavior

2. Behavior is ADAPTIVE – adapting allows animals to survive!!!2
Behavior – anything an organism does in response to a stimulus in its environment.
Behaviors develop through interactions between genes and environmental inputs.
Behavior is ADAPTIVE – adapting allows animals to survive!!!

3. Types of behaviors Innate Behavior Learned Behavior 3
includes both automatic responses and instinctive behaviors
Learned Behavior
a result of previous experiences

4. Innate Behavior Reflexes 4
automatic responses that require no thinking at all.

5. Innate Behavior Instincts 5 Aggression Submission Courtship
To fend off predators and competitors
To protect young and to protect food sources
Submission
Shown by the weaker animal
Courtship
Finding a mate.
Territoriality
Animals that have territories will defend their space

6. Innate Behavior Instincts 6 circadian rhythm – occur in daily patterns
5. behavioral cycles
circadian rhythm – occur in daily patterns
External cues.
Important in determining the sleeping and feeding patterns of all animals.

7. Innate Behavior 7 Behavioral cycles Monarch Migration Salmon Migration
b) Migration – periodic movement from one place to another
- Geographical clues
- Earth’s magnetic field.
- Can be triggered by hormones
Monarch Migration
Salmon Migration

8. Innate Behavior 8 Behavioral cycles
c) Hibernation – dormancy during winter
Reduce their need for energy
Can be caused by temperature change and day length change

9. Innate Behavior 9 Behavioral cycles
also known as "summer sleep"
d) Estivation –dormancy during summer.
-takes place during times of heat and dryness
Snails in S. Australia
Desert Tortoise
Nile Crocodile

10. Learned Behavior These behaviors are acquired or learned over time.10
These behaviors are acquired or learned over time.
Organisms can alter their behaviors as a result of experience.
Allows animals to adapt.

11. Learned Behavior 11
Habituation – organism decreases or stops its response to a repetitive stimulus that neither rewards nor harms the animal
By ignoring the stimulus, animals can spend their time & energy more efficiently.
Deer have learned to come into yards to feed with no fear of people or barking dogs.
When prairie dog towns are located near trails used by humans, giving alarm calls every time a person walks by is a waste of time and energy for the group.

12. Behaviors that involve both innate and learned behaviors - -12
Imprinting
animal returns to the place of its birth to lay its eggs
animal imprints on its mother

13. Imprinting 13
An animal imprints on its mother

14. Adaptations for Defense14
Mechanical defense is incorporated into the physical structure of the organism.
claws, sharp tusks, stingers, shells, ink, size

15. Mechanical defense camouflage.15

16. cryptic coloration - coloring that conceals or disguises an animal's shape
disruptive coloration- coloration pattern that causes visual disruption…break up an animal's outline
Disruptive markings provide protection for a clump of caterpillars

17. Chemical defense occurs when the animal produces stinging sensations, paralysis, neurotoxins, poisoning, or just a bad taste. 16
Monarch on Milkweed
Blue Arrow frogs
Lion Fish
Bombardier beetles

18. One is poisonous, and one’s not.
Mimicry
Mimicry is when an animal or plant resembles another creature or inanimate object, either for defense or to gain other advantages
One is poisonous, and one’s not.

19. Behavior
An animal’s response to a stimulus.
Innate behaviors are instinctive, like birds defending their nesting place, and are influenced by genes.
territorial behaviors, organisms defend an area and keep out other organisms.
Learned behaviors are changed by various experiences, such as training a family pet to come when its name is called.
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