1. Structures to Promote Student Engagement & Learning
Golden Apple Scholar Workshop
April Capuder
Copies of presentation and handouts can be found here:

2. Goals Learn basic principles of cooperative learning
Learn the keys to establishing successful cooperative teams
Utilize the Team Management Mat
Experience and learn cooperative structures & projects that can be used by students to build knowledge, process information, present information and build teams.
Develop team building ideas to promote cooperation between students.

3. Team Management Mat Used to help organize and manage students
Number in center of your MAT is the Team number
The number in the colored squares is a student’s number for that seat in the team
Student 1 & 2 and Student 3 & 4 are considered Shoulder partners
Student 1 & 4 and Student 2 & 3 are considered Face Partners
You’ll see how the MAT can be utilized throughout the workshop this morning to manage supplies as well as to manage cooperative structures.

4. RallyRobin: Non-content
Teacher announces question and gives Think time.
Partner A goes 1st , sharing one idea per turn.
After the 1st partner shares one idea, partner B shares one idea; repeat.
You “Rally” the topic like this until the teacher calls time.
If you were a vending machine, think of items you might dispense and why?
If you were a vending machine, think of items you might dispense and why?
Good idea to introduce a structure or way you’d like students to specifically interact while working together using something that is not content related so students can focus on how to work together and not have to worry about the new content as well.
This structure works well if you expect that students will have multiple short answers to a question, like name different types of polygons.

5. RallyRobin: Content Teacher announces question and gives Think time.
Partner A goes 1st , sharing one idea per turn.
After the 1st partner shares one idea, partner B shares one idea; repeat.
You “Rally” the topic like this until the teacher calls time.
Share one idea at a time: What do you currently know about Cooperative Learning, including perceived benefits and shortcomings?
Share one idea at a time: What do you currently know about Cooperative Learning, including perceived benefits and shortcomings?
Used in class as way to bring up what we did last time in class: List the things you learned at last IMSA class.
RallyRobin with your shoulder partner ways you might use RallyRobin in a classroom.

6. Solo Work: Order of Operations
Work by yourself.
Complete Order of Operations Math Worksheet
Should have only 1 worksheet and 1 pencil per student
What is the noise level?
What if anyone is struggling – who is helping?
How are students getting immediate feedback?
Teacher A: Order of Operations handout, one for each person on team is needed – Team Member #3 gather from at designated supply table
Set timer for 1 minute (play calming music)
Record your thoughts to these questions on your powerpoint handout.

7. Teacher A: Order of Operations
Teacher A: Traditional Process
Written:
Student Practice is SOLO
Each student has one paper and one pencil per person
ORAL:
Teacher asks a question & Provides sufficient think time
Student raises hands to answer
Teacher calls on one student at a time
One student answers
Teacher responds to that one student

8. Group Work: Order of Operations
Work with your partner sitting next to you.
Help each other out and solve the problems together.
Complete Order of Operations Math Worksheet
Should have only 1 worksheet and 1 pencil per partnership
Was it possible for a student to hide & not do much of the work?
Is there much individual accountability?
What is the noise level?
There was interaction between students but it was unstructured
Teacher B: Order of Operations handout, one for each pair on team is needed – Team Member #4 gather from at designated supply table
Set timer for 2 minutes
Record your thoughts to these questions on your powerpoint handout.

9. Teacher B: Order of Operations
Teacher B: Group Work
Written:
Student Practice is GROUP WORK/Maybe assign roles
one paper and one pencil per Team
ORAL:
Teacher asks a question & Provides sufficient think time
Pairs/Teams discuss or talk
Teacher tells students to “Help each other & work together”
Teacher typically calls on one student in the pair or group
One student answers
Teacher responds to that pair/group
Teacher “HOPES” for students to work together successfully!
Potentially promotes HOGS and LOGS

10. RallyCoach: Order of Operations
Follow Structure of RallyCoach explained on next slide.
Will Complete Order of Operations Math Worksheet using RallyCoach
Should have only 1 worksheet and 1 pencil per shoulder partner
Teacher C: Order of Operations handout, one for each shoulder partner on team is needed – Team Member #1 gather from at designated supply table
Set timer for 1 minute (play calming music)
Record your thoughts to these questions on your powerpoint handout.

11. RallyCoach: Order of Operations
Partner A will
Solve first problem, talking through
your thinking,
wait for OK from partner B
then record on paper
Partner B will
watch, listen, coach (tip, tip, tell)
Give OK to partner A
and praise/cheer after recorded
“You rock” or “Fantastic”
Switch Roles for next problem
Set timer for 3 minutes

12. Teacher “PLANS” for students to work together successfully!
Teacher C: Order of Operations
Teacher C: Kagan Structures
Written:
Student Practice is a STRUCTURED Interaction
one paper and one pencil per Pair/Team
ORAL:
Teacher asks a question & Provides sufficient think time
Structured Student to Student Interaction
RallyRobin
RallyCoach
Timed Pair Share
Round Robin (Teams)
Mix Pair Share (Class Builder)
Teacher “PLANS” for students to work together successfully!

13. Timed Pair Share
Teacher announces question and gives Think time.
Partner A shares and Partner B listens until time is up.
Switch Roles, and share again.
Each partner will have 30 Seconds.
Listen for bell to know when next
time to switch roles.
Partner A and Partner B say to each
Other “thanks for sharing”
Share your thoughts about the advantages of being a student in Teacher C classroom as well as any other reflections about the three types of teaching approaches.
Share your thoughts about the advantages of being a student in Teacher C classroom as well as any other reflections about the three types of teaching approaches.
Set TURN (2) timer for 30 seconds.

14. Teacher C: Kagan Structures
Benefits to the students when using Structures like Teacher C:
Are receiving immediate feedback
Are being held accountable (less students able to hide)
Are approximately equally sharing their answers, thoughts and ideas
Are actively engaging 50% at any one time (snap shot of classroom)
Are practicing social skills such as listening, speaking, assisting and taking turns
Why cooperative structures: 70% of students will be working in occupations where they will have to work with others to complete a task.

15. PIES: Basic Principles of Kagan
Positive Interdependence: Students gain from good answers from each other. Students feel they are on the same side and they need each other.
Individual Accountability: Individual students must perform in-front of someone else. Students feel that they can’t hide.
Equal Participation: Participation is approximately equal, either equal time or equal turns. Students feel equal status.
Simultaneous Interaction: Percent of students that are overtly interacting at one time is 50%. Students feel engaged.
All structures presented today incorporate these basic principles of PIES. Teach Kinesthetic movements to remember
So far we’ve used these structures:
RallyRobin (What we know about Cooperative Learning)
RallyCoach (Order of Operations Math)
Timed Pair Share (Share thoughts about 3 Teacher approaches)
Now going to use Single RoundRobin to summarize Basic Principles of Cooperative Structures. Flip over/Close powerpoint notes please 

16. Single RoundRobin Teacher announces topic and gives think time.
Using the topic given, partner 1 goes 1st.
After the 1st partner shares one idea, team “Round” the topic until each teammate has had one turn.
Name one of the four basic principles of cooperative structures and how students feel because of each principle.
Name one of the four basic principles of cooperative structures.
Good summary strategy: Have students RoundRobin (either single or continuous until teacher says stop) what they’ve learned today.
If presenting a lot of information to class, good idea to stop every 10 to 15 minutes depending on age of students and present a summarizing question that focuses on concepts you want to be sure the students take away.
RallyRobin with your shoulder partner ways you might use Single RoundRobin in a classroom.

17. TEAM Board Each person take a white board and marker
Divide board into 4 quadrants
T: Why you want to be a teacher
E: Experience that’s fun to know about you
A: An awkward moment from either M.S. or H.S. you or a friend experienced
M: Something about you related to Math
Use white board and have each students divide it into 4 quadrants.
T – Why you want to be a teacher
E – Experience that’s fun to know about you
A – An awkward moment from either M.S. or H.S. you or a friend experienced
M – Something about you related to Math
Set timer for 4 minutes

18. Mix – Pair - Share
Students stand up and silently “Mix” around the classroom.
Listen for teacher to call “Pair”.
Pair up with the person closest to you and high five. If you don’t have a partner, keep your hand up until you do.
Teacher asks a questions and gives Think Time.
Partners share using:
RallyRobin or Timed Pair Share
Can use this structure with any of the discussion questions at the end of activity and/or use as a way class building activity.
We are going to share our TEAM boards using Timed Pair Share.

19. Timed Pair Share
Teacher announces question and gives Think time: you will be sharing your FUN board.
Partner A shares and Partner B listens until time is up.
Listen for Beep to Switch Roles, and share again.
Partners tell each other “thanks for sharing”
Use with Mix-Pair-Share Activity –
Turn (2) timer for 30 seconds to share their FUN acronym
Partner whose head is closest to ceiling will share all of their answers on fun board first…will have 30 seconds and then when hear beep it’s the the other partners turn.
Partner whose head is closest to ceiling will
share TEAM board first

20. Forming Adhoc Teams Round Robin/Timed Share
Your partnership turn to nearest partners, you are now a TEAM
Using RoundRobin/Timed Pair Share, each person will have 30 seconds to introduce their partner to the TEAM including all information learned on the TEAM board 
Person who’s first name is closest to the start of the alphabet will share first, then sharing will proceed clockwise.
Listen for the timer to beep to know when next person should introduce their partner.
Please gather your stuff and find a table with your new Teammates.

21. TeamBuilding
Is a process by which a group of 4 students with different backgrounds and experiences become a cooperative and caring team
Should be done ________ times a week. Best done up against the “bell”
Single RoundRobin: What is your favorite sport or hobby? How often do you do it? (30 Secs per person)
FUN Non-Content Question is Easy for All
Should be done 2 times per week. Best done last 3-5 minutes of class period. Attached are all types of questions that can be used for TeamBuilding.

22. *** Keep students on same Team for 6 weeks
Forming Student Teams
SETUP: Class List and Index card per student
STEP One: Make Cards
*** Keep students on same Team for 6 weeks

23. Forming Student Teams STEP Two: Sort Cards (High to Low)
A. Math B. Matrix
Sort into 4 quartiles
Total students
divided by 4
Remainders
1 = HM OR LM 2 = HM & LM 3 = HM & LM & ?
Highly motivated
So if you have 21 students,
You’ll sort high to low and divide by 4
You’ll take first highest group will be labeled high, colored blue and placed in seat 1s; second highest group will be labeled high medium, colored green and placed in seat 4s; third highest group will be labeled low medium, colored yellow and placed in seat 2s and last group will be labeled low, colored red and placed in seat 3s.
Sincere there are 21 students in this class example, there is one student leftover pull out either a High Medium or Low medium student that you know is highly motivated and eager to participate in class. This student will be the 5th student added to a team of 4. If you have two leftover each student either a HM or LM will be the 5th student in a team of 4; if 3 students leftover they will form a team of 3 which should be comprised of a HM, LM and a highly motivated student either another HM or LM or H.

24. Forming Student Teams
STEP Three: Color Code/Yard Sale dots to place on card
Blue = High (H)
Green = High Medium (HM)
Yellow = Low Medium (LM)
Red = Low (L)
Blue – high as sky
Green – good to go
Yellow – proceed with caution
Red – Stop and check in regularly

25. Forming Student Teams STEP Four: Form Teams Remember: Gender 2m/2f
ELL/Special Needs
Difficult Clients
Blue
Yellow
Red
Green
Extras:
1 = One team of 5 2= 2 teams of 3 3 = 1 team of 3
Sort cards by placing the blue in the first row (seat 1s-high)
Yellows in second row (seat 2s-low medium)
Red ins third row (seat 3s-low)
Green in fourth row (seat 4s-high medium)
Switch around when looking at teams to consider gender, ELL/Special Ed/ difficult clients
When switching try to stay in same colored row, to keep heterogenous grouping
Whenever forming new teams, want to plan a team builder immediately 

26. ClassBuilding
Is a process by which a room full of students with different backgrounds and experiences become a caring community of active learners
Should be done ________ times a week just for fun & done to help with content as appropriate.
StandUp HandUp PairUP: Checking homework
Stand UP Move Around work w/ someone else and share
Should be done 1 time per week just for fun and done with content as appropriate:
StandUp HandUp PairUp – checking homework
Mix – Pair – Share: using questions from handout for fun

27. Class Building Activity
Find Someone Who:
Class Building Activity
Get one per team member from designated supply table – person #2
Review of Kagan Teams, PIES, Classbuilding and Team Building
Decide who will be Partner A and Partner B when you pair up.

28. Class Building Activity
Find Someone Who:
Class Building Activity
Teacher says “Stand up, hand up, pair up!”
Students: stand up with one hand in air until you find the closest partner who is not your teammate.
Partner A:ask ? Partner B, answers.
Partner A writes Answer. Partner B checks answer and
initials it
Partner B, ask ? Partner A, answers.
Partner B writes Answer. Partner A checks answer and
Do a cheer with partner, Raise hand to find new partner.
Repeat until complete handout.
When done, return to your seat and help others who ask.
Compare answers with your team & finish with team cheer
Review of Kagan Teams, PIES, Classbuilding and Team Building
Decide who will be Partner A and Partner B when you pair up.
Team Cheers: Cheese Grater , Truck Driver or Fantastics

29. Team Cheers
Do these after team has compared answers with Find Someone Who activity
Team Cheers: Fantastic, Cheese Grater, Truck Driver or Sign Language Applause

30. Troubleshooting
90% of all struggles associated with incorporating cooperative structures into the classroom are due to not following
Teaming formation recommendations
Heterogeneous (H, LM, L, HM)
4 per team is best, if 5 per team seat 5 is most motivated student in that seat 
Keep in teams for 6 weeks
TeamBuilding
Fun, No Content, Easy for All
2 times/week
Best to fit in last 3-5 minutes of class
ClassBuilding
StandUp, Move, Share
1 time/week for fun & use with content as appropriate
Comedian Example

31. RoundTable Think Time: Think how you will respond
Pass paper or project around the table; take turns contributing
Complete Role Tents on What to Say
We Like: Team Name Creation

32. RoundTable: Team Name :
Get one handout per team – person #1 get supply from designated supply area

33. Please take 15 minute break 

34. Cooperative Projects & PIES
Positive Interdependence: Are students on the same side? Does the task require working together?
Individual Accountability: Is individual, public performance required?
Equal Participation: Is participation approximately equal?
Simultaneous Interaction: What percent of students are overtly interacting?
All structures presented today incorporate these basic principles of PIES.
So far we’ve used these structures:
RallyRobin (What we know about Cooperative Learning)
RallyCoach (Mental Math)
Timed Pair Share (Share thoughts about 3 teaching approaches)
Now going to use Single RoundRobin to summarize Basic Principles of Cooperative Structures. Flip over/Close powerpoint notes please 

35. Cooperative Projects - Steps
Teacher announces team project:
Design a New Theme Costume for a Clown
Teacher Assigns Roles and Resource Access accounting for PIES
Students work in teams to create the project

36. Step 2: Assign Roles
Why?
To allow students to be self sufficient and manage oneself
Role Tents: Example of role (job)
Role: Gatekeeper
Team cut out and complete the Role Cards
What to do:
* Make sure everyone participates about equally
What to say:
* I need everyone’s help to …..
* Thank you ______
* ____will you please…..

37. Role Tents Partner 1 & 2 Cut apart Role Cards
Give to Partners 3 & 4 to Fold
Gather Role Card tents from designated supply table 2 Roles on each paper – 4 total per Team; person #4 go gather role cards in designated supply area.

38. Assigning Roles Continued
What to Do:
*Keeps team volume level appropriate
*Get & return team materials & leads team in clean-up
*Makes sure everyone is participating about equally
*Keeps team focused on the task
Use Simultaneous RoundTable to complete What to say on role Cards

39. Simultaneous RoundTable
Think Time: Think how you will respond
All Teammates contribute on their own paper at the same time
Signal when you’re done or wait for teacher to give signal
Pass your paper one person clockwise
Continue adding to the new paper, try not to repeat ideas
Continue passing paper until complete or time is up
Complete Role Tents on What to Say

40. Step 2: Resource Access Materials Who Uses 1 – Chart Paper
2 – Glue Sticks
8 DIFFERENT colored pieces of paper
4 Markers – 1 red, 1 blue,
1 green and 1 purple
ALL
Person #2 & #3 only
Each person will get 2 different colors
If 5 person: # 4 & #5 each get 1
Person #1: red & blue only
Person #4: green & purple only
If 5 person: #4 green and #5 purple only
Resources and Who can Use

41. Directions for Project
Design New Theme Costume for a Clown
Clown Costume needs to be unique
Completed in 15 minutes
3D is encouraged
Must be able to hang on a wall
Must use ALL materials
Write a key of who did what parts on the Front
Tape on Wall for Display
Parameters of Cooperative Project
Example used in math classroom:
Volume of Cylinders, Cone and Spheres
Same Roles as in Clown example
Materials: 4 3D Shapes - Pringles can, birthday blower, ball & one other shape of choice
4 colored pencils (person 1: red, person 2: green, person 3: black, person 4: brown)
1 official paper to show work and record volumes & 1 scratch paper
2 Rulers (Person 1 & 3 only)
2 calculators (Person 2 & 4 only)
Directions:
Person 1 - must be person to write work and answer for one of 3D shapes in red pencil
Person 2 - must be person to write work and answer for one of 3D shapes in green pencil
Person 3 - must be person to write work and answer for one of 3D shapes in black pencil
Person 4 - must be person to write work and answer for one of 3D shapes in brown pencil
Answers should be accurate to the tenths of a cm
All 4 volumes including work showing how volumes were calculated should be found with correct units in 20 minutes (which includes gathering of materials)
You’ll have 5 minutes now to plan your team’s work prior to getting the materials.

42. Timed Pair Share Cooperative Project & PIES Analysis
Teacher announces question and gives Think time.
Partner A shares and Partner B listens until time is up.
Switch Roles, and share again.
Each partner will have 30 Seconds.
Listen for bell to know when next
time to switch roles.
Partner A and Partner B say to each
Other “thanks for sharing”
Cooperative Project & PIES Analysis
Share your thoughts about the advantages of being a student in Teacher C classroom as well as any other reflections about the three types of teaching approaches.
Set TURN (2) timer for 30 seconds.

43. Cooperative Projects & PIES Analysis
Timed Pair Share – 30 seconds
Positive Interdependence: Are students on the same side? Does the task require working together?
Individual Accountability: Is individual, public performance required?
Equal Participation: Is participation approximately equal?
Simultaneous Interaction: What percent of students are overtly interacting?
All structures presented today incorporate these basic principles of PIES.
So far we’ve used these structures:
RallyRobin (What we know about Cooperative Learning)
RallyCoach (Mental Math)
Timed Pair Share (Share thoughts about 3 teaching approaches)
Now going to use Single RoundRobin to summarize Basic Principles of Cooperative Structures. Flip over/Close powerpoint notes please 

44. Carousel Feedback As a Team, stand in front of your project
Rotate Clockwise to the next team’s project
Discuss you reaction to team’s project – no writing
Student #1 Record team’s feedback on Feedback form
Get ready to Rotate
Rotate as directed
Repeat steps 3-5 but pick
new recorder
8. Continue until directed to stop
Parameters of Cooperative Project
Example used in math classroom:
Volume of Cylinders, Cone and Spheres
Same Roles as in Clown example
Materials: 4 3D Shapes - Pringles can, birthday blower, ball & one other shape of choice
4 colored pencils (person 1: red, person 2: green, person 3: black, person 4: brown)
1 official paper to show work and record volumes & 1 scratch paper
2 Rulers (Person 1 & 4 only)
2 calculators (Person 2 & 3 only)
Directions:
Person 1 - must be person to write work and answer for one of 3D shapes in red pencil
Person 2 - must be person to write work and answer for one of 3D shapes in green pencil
Person 3 - must be person to write work and answer for one of 3D shapes in black pencil
Person 4 - must be person to write work and answer for one of 3D shapes in brown pencil
Answers should be accurate to the tenths of a cm
All 4 volumes including work showing how volumes were calculated should be found with correct units in 20 minutes (which includes gathering of materials)
You’ll have 5 minutes now to plan your team’s work prior to getting the materials.

45. Showdown
Person #1 Cut down middle of Page 1 of 2 & give other half to Person #2 to cut apart while you cut apart first half
Person # 3 Cut down middle of Page 2 of 2 & give other half to Person #4 to cut apart while you cut apart first half
Stack all cut up cards in center of team table.
Get page 1 and page 2 of showdown cards from designated supply area – person #3 (person #3 keep one page and give other page to person #1. Everyone grab a pair of scissors.

46. Showdown Showdown captain is Person #1
Captain draws first card, reads it and gives think time
Everyone writes own answer on white boards, NO talking
When done writing, place whiteboard face down to signal done
When all boards are face down, Captain call “Showdown”
Everyone shows and discusses answers
Captain leads team in checking answers
Celebrate with Cheer if correct; tutor any
teammates who got answer incorrect
Next teammate become showdown captain
for next problem; repeat steps
Get page 1 and page 2 of showdown cards from designated supply area – person #3 (person #3 keep one page and give other page to person #1. Everyone grab a pair of scissors.

47. 3-2-1 Summary Name of 10 Structures shared today:
RallyRobin RallyCoach
Timed Pair share RoundRobin
Mix-Pair-Share Find Someone Who
RoundTable Simultaneous RoundTable
Carousel Feedback Showdown
PIES – Principles all Structures are based around: Positive Interdependence, Individual Accountability, Equal Participation, Simultaneous Interaction
Teams – ideal to be size of 4; keep together for 6 weeks; Heterogeneous: High/Blue; LM/Yellow, Low/Red, HM/Green
Teambuilding – 2 x per week for fun (fun, no content, EZ)
Classbuilding – 1 x per week for fun or content (stand- move – share)
Cooperative Project – when designing be sure to think of PIES!
Name of 10 Structures shared today:
RallyRobin (Partners Oral)
RallyCoach (Partners Oral and Written)
Timed Pair Share (Partners Oral)
RoundRobin (Team Oral)
Mix-Pair-Share (Classbuilder)
Find Someone Who (Classbuilder)
RoundTable (Team Written)
Simultaneous RoundTable (Team Written)
Carousel Feedback (Team Oral and Written)
Showdown (Team Written and Oral)
PIES – Principles all Structures are based around
Positive Interdependence
Individual Accountability
Equal Participation
Simultaneous Interaction
Teams – ideal to be size of 4; keep together for 6 weeks; Heterogeneous: High/Blue; LM/Yellow, Low/Red, HM/Green
Classbuilding – 1 x per week for fun or content (standup- move – share)
Teambuilding – 2 x per week for fun (fun, no content, EZ)
Cooperative Project – when designing be sure to think of PIES!

48. Resources
Kagan Cooperative Learning by Dr. Spencer Kagan and Miguel Kagan
Classbuilding by Miguel Kagan, Laurie Kagan and Dr. Spencer Kagan
TimerTools, TeamTools and SelectorTools by Kagan
Copies of presentation and handouts can be found here: