1. Unit 7: The New Deal Franklin Delano Roosevelt
“The only thing we have to fear, is fear itself.”
Franklin Delano Roosevelt

2. Franklin D. Roosevelt Democrat; elected in 1933
Calmed Depression fears by having his “fireside” chats on the radio that explained the New Deal and support.
“Hundred Days”- refers to FDR’s first 100 days in office and legislation being passed. More than 15 major pieces of legislation were passed by Congress.

3. The “Working class” got FDR elected
1st thing FDR did was to close all the nation’s banks and ordered strict inspections of the banks
Took the nation off the gold standard!!
Wanted to regulate the Stock Market
Supreme Court did not allow most of the legislations of FDR
“Court packing”
Second New Deal: openly opposed to big business

4. “Defeat: Court Packing and Executive Reorganization
Businesses did not like the New Deal.
They saw it as government control and socialistic.
Define: Socialism
“Defeat: Court Packing and Executive Reorganization
Roosevelt, however, emboldened by the triumphs of his first term, set out in 1937 to consolidate authority within the government in ways that provoked powerful opposition. Early in the year, he asked Congress to expand the number of justices on the Supreme Court so as to allow him to appoint members sympathetic to his ideas and hence tip the ideological balance of the Court. This proposal provoked a storm of protest… At about the same time, the administration proposed a plan to reorganize the executive branch in ways that would significantly increase the president's control over the bureaucracy. Like the Court-packing plan, executive reorganization garnered opposition from those who feared a ‘Roosevelt dictatorship’…”
From: Wikipedia

5. Eleanor Roosevelt
First Lady, niece of Teddy Roosevelt, distant cousin of FDR, social reformer
6 children
Important Domestic Advisor
Civil Rights activist
Created the Freedom Writers Project

6. The New Deal “Alphabet Soup”: Agencies, Acts, and Commissions
National Industrial Recovery Act- NIRA (unconstitutional)
Federal Emergency Relief Administration- FERA
National Recovery Administration- NRA
Civil Works Administration- CWA
Public Works Administration- PWA

7. Agricultural Adjustment- AAA
Sought to raise crop prices by regulating production
Would pay farmers subsidizes to not grow or plow under crops on their land
Very controversial because may Americans were going hungry at the time

8. Tennessee Valley Authority - TVA
Seven states affected: Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi
Designed to create dams, control flooding, and generate electricity in the south

9. Civilian Conservation Corps- CCC
Provided jobs for single males on conservation projects and paid them up to $30 a month - $25 of the pay went to their families at home.
The men would live in camps, ware uniforms, and engage in such projects such as preventing soil erosion, forest fires, and building dams.

10. Federal Deposit Insurance- FDIC
Created by the Glass-Steagall Act
Insure customers’ deposits in member banks in the United States
Social Security Administration - SSA
Provides a pension for retired, disabled, or survivors benefits

11. Works Progress Administration-FDIC
Quickly created jobs in all fields – construction to art
Securities and Exchange Commission- SEC
Created to regulate the Stock Market and to stop the rampant speculation in the Stock Market

12. The Liberty League- pg.493
Group of northern Republicans that wanted the personal and property rights of individuals and the right of private enterprise to have no government control or interference.
“The League stated that it would work to "defend and uphold the Constitution" and to "foster the right to work, earn, save and acquire property." In its opinion, the Roosevelt Administration was leading the U.S. toward socialism, bankruptcy and dictatorship.”
Source:

13. Francis Perkins Served on FDR’s cabinet from 1933-1945
First woman to serve
Her accomplishments were: Social Security, The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, and the development of the Department of Labor Statistics.

14. Union: American Federation of Labor (AFL)
“Organized Labor Grew More Powerful during the 1930’s” Rival Labor Unions:
Union: American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Philosophy: Supported craft unions
(Carpentry, plumbing, bricklaying)
Members: mostly white males
Union: Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)
Philosophy: Supported industrial unions (Laundries, textiles, tobacco, factories)
Members: minorities and women
What separated the two unions? Skilled vs. unskilled workers

15. FDR is the only president to be elected to office 4 times!
After FDR: 22nd Amendment
Limit on Presidential terms to two terms of 4 years
1951
Ran for 4 terms because of WWII “shouldn’t switch horses”
Each term he had a different vice president!!

16. Culture in the 1930’s
Although the 1930s was a difficult time for most Americans, the entertainment industry grew with the help of some New Deal Programs
65% of the U.S. population went to the movies
90% owned a radio

17. Culture in the 1930’s Movies: Radio:
Gone With the Wind (1939), Wizard of Oz (1939),
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939)
Marx Brothers Monkey Business
and Duck Soup (1931),
Radio:
Orson Welles, War of the Worlds