1. Subject- Carbon compounds
Name- Tikale Jagadish Ganesh
Narsinha Vidyalaya Ranjani
Std-10th
Sub- Sci and tech.

2. AMAZING WORLD OF CARBON COMPOUNDS
1 HYDROCARBONS-THE FUNDAMENTAL ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
2 SATURATED AND UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS
3 FUNCTIONAL GROUPS IN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
4 NOMENCLATURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
5 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
6 SOAPS AND DETERGENTS

3. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
To recall previous year knowledge about carbon and its allotropes.
To inform about hydrocarbons as source of fuel.
To show how carbon can form large number of compounds.
To appreciate how the thousands of organic compounds are classified and specifically named.
To understand how chemical and physical properties of some organic compounds are useful to mankind.

4. LEARNING OUTPUT
Students will be able to understand importance of organic compounds in day to day life.
Students will get information regarding classification of organic compounds.
Students will acquire knowledge and importance of naming organic compounds systematically.
Students will understand the use of chemical reactions to produce useful products.

5. INTRODUCTION OUTLINE OF CONTENT
( in short what we are going to learn in this topic)
USEFUL PRODUCTS IN DAY- TO-DAY LIFE
FUEL, FOOD, SOAPS & DETERGENTS, COSMETICS
Fuel 1) COAL
2) HYDROCARBONS

6. FUEL TYPES OF FUELS SOURCES: CONVENTIONAL & NON CONVENTIONAL
CARBON AND ITS DERIVATIVES AS
MAIN SOURCE OF FUEL
HYDROCARBON AS BETTER SOURCE OF FUEL
WE WILL REVISE CARBON

7. CARBON CONTENT ALLOTROPES OF CARBON 1 DIAMOND 2 GRAPHITE 3 COAL
ADDITIONAL: 8 FORMS OF CARBON

8. Eight allotropes of carbon: a) Diamond, b) Graphite, c) Lonsdaleite, d) C-60 (Buckminsterfullerene or buckyball), e) C-540, f) C-70, g) Amorphous carbon, and h) single-walled carbon nanotube or bucky tube.

9. CARBON COMPOUNDS FORMS COMPOUNDS WITH MANY ELEMENTS
OXYGEN (CO2), HYDROGEN (CH4 ) Metals (CaC2 )
WHY CARBON COMPOUNDS ARE NUMEROUS IN NUMBER?
CATENATION
VALENCY (COVALENT BOND)

10. SIMPLEST ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
HYDROCARBONS
SOURCES LPG, CNG, PETROLEUM, BIO GAS
MARSH GAS METHANE

11. C2H6

12. HOMOLOGOUS SERIES 1) General formula 2) Similar chemical properties
3) Difference of - CH2-
4) Gradual changes in physical properties

13. Molecules made of Hydrogen and Carbon
Carbon forms four bonds, hydrogen forms one bond
Hydrocarbons come in three different homologous series:
Alkanes (single bond between C’s, saturated)
Alkenes (1 double bond between 2 C’s, unsaturated)
Alkynes (1 triple bond between 2 C’s, unsaturated)
These are called aliphatic, or open-chain, hydrocarbons

14. Alkane: names end in ane
C n H 2n+ 2
CH4 = Methane
C2H6 = Ethane Difference of CH2
C3H8 = Propane
C4H10 = Butane
C5H12 = Pentane
To find the number of hydrogen's, double the number of carbons and add 2

15. alkyne alkene C H e t h y n ( a c l ) 3C Prop 4C But 5C Pent 6C Hex
C n H 2n
C n H 2n -2
3C Propyne
4C Butyne
5C Pentyne
6C Hexyne
3C Propene
4C Butene
5C Pentene
6C Hexene

17. ISOMERISM DEFINITION POSSIBLE SKELETON -c- -c-c- -c-c-c-
-c-c-c-c c-c-c-
-c-c-c-c-c-

18. Possible Isomers of Pentane
-c-c-c-c-c ) –c-c-c-c
2) -c-c-c-c c c
5) -c-c-c-c
3) –c-c-c-c c c
c ) c c c
= 3

19. NOMENCLATURE
1. Selection of Longest Carbon Chain 2. lowest possible number to side chains

20. FOR PRACTICE What are the possible isomers of Hexane?
Write their structures and IUPAC names.

21. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROCARBONS
SUBSTITUTION
ADDITION
COMBUSTION

22. ETHYL ALCOHOL SODIUM 2C2H5OH + 2Na 2C2H5ONa + H2
PHOSPHORUS TRI CHLORIDE (PCl3)
C2H5 OH Cl C2H5Cl
C2H5 OH P Cl C2H5Cl + H3PO3
C2H5 OH Cl C2H5Cl

23. ETHANOIC ACID HALOGEN CH3 COOH + CI2 CH2CICOOH + HCI
monochloro acetic acid
CH2 ClCOOH + CI CHCI2COOH + HCI
dichloro acetic acid
CHCI2 COOH + CI CCI3COOH + HCI
Trichloro acetic acid
METAL
2CH3COOH + 2Na 2CH3COONa + H2
ALCOHOL
CH3COOH + C2H5OH ZnCl CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

24. SOAPS AND DETERGENTS