1. Chapter 4: Using Lookup Tables to Match Data: Arrays
4.1: Introduction to Lookup Techniques
4.2: Using One-Dimensional Arrays as Lookup Tables
4.3: Using a Multidimensional Array as a Lookup Table
4.4: Loading a Multidimensional Array from a SAS Data Set

2. Chapter 4: Using Lookup Tables to Match Data: Arrays
4.1: Introduction to Lookup Techniques
4.2: Using One-Dimensional Arrays as Lookup Tables
4.3: Using a Multidimensional Array as a Lookup Table
4.4: Loading a Multidimensional Array from a SAS Data Set

3. Objectives Define table lookup. List table lookup techniques.
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: Let’s make sure we all are talking the same type of processing when we talk about ”table lookup”.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
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4. Table Lookups
Lookup values for a table lookup can be stored in the following:
array
hash object
format
data set
Lookup values for a table lookup can be stored in the following:
array
hash object
format
data set
Lookup Values
lookup
Lookup techniques include the following:
array subscript value
hash object key value
FORMAT statement, PUT function
merge, join
Lookup techniques include the following:
array subscript value
hash object key value
FORMAT statement, PUT function
merge, join
Data Values
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: The values are what we are looking up. The technique is how we are doing the lookup.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
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6. 4.01 Multiple Choice Poll
Which of these is an example of a table lookup?
You have the data for January sales in one data set, February sales in a second data set, and March sales in a third. You need to create a report for the entire first quarter.
You want to send birthday cards to employees. The employees' names and addresses are in one data set and their birth dates are in another.
You need to calculate the amount each customer owes for his purchases. The price per item and the number of items purchased are stored in the same data set. B

7. 4.01 Multiple Choice Poll – Correct Answer
Which of these is an example of a table lookup?
You have the data for January sales in one data set, February sales in a second data set, and March sales in a third. You need to create a report for the entire first quarter.
You want to send birthday cards to employees. The employees' names and addresses are in one data set and their birth dates are in another.
You need to calculate the amount each customer owes for his purchases. The price per item and the number of items purchased are stored in the same data set. B

8. Overview of Table Lookup Techniques
Arrays, hash objects, and formats provide an in-memory lookup table.
The merge and join use lookup values that are stored on disk.
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: This is important because the size of the data set can determine whether you can use arrays, hash objects or formats.
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9. Overview of Arrays An array is similar to a row of buckets. 1 2 3 4
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: This explanation is for 1 dimensional arrays. We'll see multi-dimentional arrays in the next section, but the picture isn't much different for multi-dimensional arrays. A multi-dimensional array is still similar to a row of buckets, but they are identified with multiple numbers.
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10. Overview of Arrays An array is similar to a numbered row of buckets. 12 3 4
SAS puts a value in a bucket based on the bucket number.
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: In the case of multidimensional arrays, SAS puts a value in a bucket based on multiple numbers.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
...

11. Overview of Arrays An array is similar to a numbered row of buckets. 12 3 4
SAS puts a value in a bucket based on the bucket number.
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: In the case of multidimensional arrays, SAS retrieves a value in a bucket based on multiple numbers.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
A value is retrieved from a bucket based on the bucket number.

12. Overview of a Hash Object
A hash object is similar to rows of buckets that are identified by the value of a key.
Key
Data
Data
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: The key value can have multiple data items associated with it.
TAG_Movie:
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...

13. Overview of a Hash Object
A hash object is similar to rows of buckets that are identified by the value of a key.
SAS puts value(s) in the data bucket(s) based on the value(s) in the key bucket.
Key
Data
Data
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: Go over, we'll spend more time on this in chapter 5.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
...

14. Overview of a Hash Object
A hash object is similar to rows of buckets that are identified by the value of a key.
SAS puts value(s) in the data bucket(s) based on the value(s) in the key bucket.
Key
Data
Data
Value(s) are retrieved from the data bucket(s) based on the value(s) in the key bucket.
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: Go over, but we'll spend more time on this in chapter 5.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:

15. Overview of a Format
A format is similar to rows of buckets that are identified by the data value.
Data Value
Label
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: Go over, we'll spend more time on this in chapter 6.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
...

16. Overview of a Format
A format is similar to rows of buckets that are identified by the data value.
Data Value
Label
SAS puts data values and label values in the buckets when the format is used in a FORMAT statement, PUT function, or PUT statement.
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: Go over, we'll spend more time on this in chapter 6.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
...

17. Overview of a Format
A format is similar to rows of buckets that are identified by the data value.
Data Value
Label
SAS puts data values and label values in the buckets when the format is used in a FORMAT statement, PUT function, or PUT statement.
SAS uses a binary search on the data value bucket in order to return the value in the label bucket.
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: Go over, we'll spend more time on this in chapter 6.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:

18. Overview of Merges and Joins
The DATA step MERGE and the SQL join operators are similar to multiple stacks of buckets that are referred to by the value of one or more common variables.
By Value
Data
By Value
Data
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: Everyone should be familiar with DATA step MERGEs and SQL joins.
TAG_Movie:
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20. 4.02 Multiple Answer Poll
Which techniques do you currently use when performing table lookups?
Arrays
Hash object
Formats
Merges
Joins
No single answer to this poll. For your information only

21. Chapter 4: Using Lookup Tables to Match Data: Arrays
4.1: Introduction to Lookup Techniques
4.2: Using One-Dimensional Arrays as Lookup Tables
4.3: Using a Multidimensional Array as a Lookup Table
4.4: Loading a Multidimensional Array from a SAS Data Set

22. Objectives Define one-dimensional arrays.
Use a one-dimensional array for a table lookup task.
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor:
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:

23. Overview of Arrays (Review)
An array is similar to a row of numbered buckets. 1 2 3 4
SAS puts a value in a bucket based on the bucket number.
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: Review, so just ask if there are questions.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
A value is retrieved from a bucket based on the bucket number.

24. Defining Arrays (Review)
An array is a temporary grouping of SAS variables that are arranged in a particular order and identified by an array name.
The following tasks can be accomplished using an array:
performing repetitive calculations on a group of variables
creating many variables with the same attributes
restructuring data
performing a table lookup with one or more numeric factors
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: Go over these quickly. We'll be using arrays primarily for the last bullet, table lookups. They will see restructuring data as a side task in the first example.
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 An array exists only for the duration of the current DATA step.

25. Using One-Dimensional Arrays (Review)
To use an array, declare the array by using an ARRAY statement.
General form for the one-dimensional ARRAY statement:
ARRAY array-name {number-of-elements} <$> <length>
<list-of-variables> <(initial-values)>;
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: Cover quickly. They should already know this. The following slides are animations of each portion of the ARRAY statement.
TAG_Movie:
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26. Using One-Dimensional Arrays (Review)
Examples of an ARRAY statement follow.
array numarray{3} num1 – num3;
array char{4} $ 6;
array num{5} _temporary_ (5, 6, 7, 8, 9);
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: These slides are animations of each portion of the ARRAY statement.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
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array yr{2000:2002} yr2000 yr2001 yr2002;
...

27. Using One-Dimensional Arrays (Review)
Examples of an ARRAY statement follow.
array numarray{3} num1 – num3;
Array Name
array char{4} $ 6;
array num{5} _temporary_ (5, 6, 7, 8, 9);
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: These slides are animations of each portion of the ARRAY statement.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
array yr{2000:2002} yr2000 yr2001 yr2002;
...

28. Using One-Dimensional Arrays (Review)
Examples of an ARRAY statement follow.
array numarray{3} num1 – num3;
number of elements
array char{4} $ 6;
array num{5} _temporary_ (5, 6, 7, 8, 9);
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: These slides are animations of each portion of the ARRAY statement.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
array yr{2000:2002} yr2000 yr2001 yr2002;
...

29. Using One-Dimensional Arrays (Review)
Examples of an ARRAY statement follow.
array numarray{3} num1 – num3;
names three numeric variables
array char{4} $ 6;
creates four character variables, char1 – char4, each a length of 6
array num{5} _temporary_ (5, 6, 7, 8, 9);
creates temporary numeric elements, and stores the numeric values 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: Point out the _temporary_ keyword in the 4th example. Note that the use of the _temporary_ keyword automatically retains the initial values across iterations of the DATA step. If you create PDV variables, they are initialized to missing at the top of the DATA step after the first iteration.
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array yr{2000:2002} yr2000 yr2001 yr2002;
names three numeric variables

31. 4.03 Multiple Choice Poll
How many elements are referenced by the ARRAY statement: array numarray{*} num1 – num12;? 1 12
Unknown
C. 12

32. 4.03 Multiple Choice Poll – Correct Answer
How many elements are referenced by the ARRAY statement: array numarray{*} num1 – num12;? 1 12
Unknown
C. 12

33. The DIM Function
You can use the DIM function to return the number of elements in an array. For example, use the DIM function to provide the end value for a DO loop.
array numarray{*} num1 – num12;
<additional statements>
do i=1 to dim(numarray);
end;
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: Point out that if you are using the array dimensions with *, you need to name the elements so that SAS has some way of figuring out how many elements the array has. There is information about the DIM function under this slide.
TAG_Movie:
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Equivalent code:
array numarray{12} num1 – num12;
<additional statements>
do i=1 to 12;
end;

34. Business Scenario Partial Listing of orion.employee_payroll
The data set orion.employee_payroll contains each employee’s hired date and current salary.
Partial Listing of orion.employee_payroll
Employee_ID
Employee_Gender
Salary
Birth_Date
Employee_
Hire_Date
Term_Date
Marital_
Status
Dependents
120101 M
163040
18AUG1976
01JUL2003 . S
120102
108255
11AUG1969
01JUN1989 O 2
120103
87975
22JAN1949
01JAN1974 1
120104 F
46230
11MAY1954
01JAN1981
120105
27110
21DEC1974
01MAY1999
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: Point out that each observation has a hired date and we can use the YEAR function to determine what year the employee was hired.
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TAG_Print:
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35. Business Scenario
The data set orion.salary_stats contains statistics for all Orion Star employees for the years 1974 through For example, the average salary of the employees hired in 1974 is currently $39,
Partial Listing of orion.salary_stats
Statistic
Yr1974
Yr1975
Yr1976
. . .
Yr2006
Yr2007
Num_of_Emps 61 4 6 97 3
Median_Salary
30025
30020
26970
27240
Std_Salary
Sum_Salary
132150
235030
86585
Avg_Salary
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: The data set orion.salary_stats has year in the columns.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
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36. Partial Listing of compare
Business Scenario
The two data sets must be combined to calculate the difference between the average salary and the actual current salary for each employee based on the year of hire.
Partial Listing of compare
Using One Dimensional Arrays
Year_
Obs Employee_ID Hired Salary Average Salary_Dif
$163, $35, $127,957.50
$108, $88, $19,666.25
$87, $39, $48,731.39
$46, $36, $9,793.33
$27, $36, $-9,423.75
$26, $39, $-12,283.61
$30, $39, $-8,768.61
$27, $27, $

38. Setup for the Poll Partial Listing of orion.salary_stats
The two data sets that need to be combined are as follows:
Partial Listing of orion.salary_stats
Statistic
Yr1974
Yr1975
Yr1976
. . .
2006
Yr2007
Avg_Salary
Partial Listing of orion.employee_payroll
Employee_ID
Employee_Gender
Salary
Birth_
Date
Employee_Hire_Date
. . .
120101 M
163040
18AUG1976
01JUL2003
120102
108255
11AUG1969
01JUN1989
120103
87975
22JAN1949
01JAN1974
120104 F
46230
11MAY1954
01JAN1981
120105
27110
21DEC1974
01MAY1999

39. 4.04 Poll
Can the two data sets be merged with the DATA step MERGE statement or joined with the SQL procedure?
 Yes
 No
Type answer here
No. They currently do not have a variable in common.

40. 4.04 Poll – Correct Answer
Can the two data sets be merged with the DATA step MERGE statement or joined with the SQL procedure?
 Yes
 No
Type answer here
No. They currently do not have a variable in common.

41. 4.05 Poll What do the two data sets have in common?
 They have the year in common.
 They have nothing in common.
Yes, the year. In orion.employee_payroll, year can be extracted from the Employee_Hire_Date
variable. In orion.salary_stats, each column (except the first one) represents a year.

42. 4.05 Poll – Correct Answer What do the two data sets have in common?
 They have the year in common.
 They have nothing in common.
In the data set, orion.salary_stats, the columns, except for the first, represent year.
In the data set, orion.employee_payroll, year can be obtained from the Employee_Hire_Date variable.
Yes, the year. In orion.employee_payroll, year can be extracted from the Employee_Hire_Date
variable. In orion.salary_stats, each column (except the first one) represents a year.

43. Using a One-Dimensional Array
data compare;
keep Employee_ID Year_Hired Salary Average
Salary_Dif;
format Salary Average Salary_Dif dollar12.2;
array yr{1974:2007} Yr1974-Yr2007;
if _n_=1 then set orion.salary_stats
(where=(Statistic='Avg_Salary'));
set orion.employee_payroll
(keep=Employee_ID
Employee_Hire_Date
Salary);
Year_Hired=year(Employee_Hire_Date);
Average=yr{Year_Hired};
Salary_Dif=Salary-Average;
run;   
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: This is the big picture slide. Go over the 3 highlighted statements quickly. 1) Point out the colon that starts the dimensions at 1974 and ends them at ) The SET statement is in the IF _N_=1 statement because otherwise, SAS would determine that there is only one observation in the data set for 'Avg_Salary' and would stop the DATA step. When you have multiple SET statements, when SAS determines the first end of file, the DATA step stops. We'll talk about this a lot later. 3) This is the look up statement where we are using the YR array to determine the appropriate average based on the Year_Hired variable. Transition can be "now let's look at how execution works."
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
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p304d01

44. Execution Partial Listing of orion.salary_stats
Statistic
Yr1974
Yr1975
Yr1976
. . .
Avg_Salary
Partial Listing of orion.employee_payroll
Employee
_ID
Employee_
Hire_Date
Salary
120101
01JUL2003
163040
120102
01JUN1989
108255
120103
01JAN1974
87975
120104
01JAN1981
46230
120105
01MAY1999
27110
data compare;
keep Employee_ID Year_Hired Salary Average
Salary_Dif;
format Salary Average Salary_Dif dollar12.2;
array yr{1974:2007} Yr1974-Yr2007;
if _n_=1 then set orion.salary_stats
(where=(Statistic='Avg_Salary'));
set orion.employee_payroll
(keep=Employee_ID Employee_Hire_Date Salary);
Year_Hired=year(Employee_Hire_Date);
Average=yr{Year_Hired};
Salary_Dif=Salary-Average;
run;
Partial PDV
Salary
Average
Salary_
Dif
Yr1974
Yr1975
Yr1976
Yr1977
Yr1978
. . . .
yr{1974}
yr{1975}
yr{1976}
yr{1977}
yr{1978} D
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: After compilation, this is where the DATA step execution starts. The KEEP, FORMAT, and ARRAY statements are compile time statements. The ARRAY statement has associated the YR array to each of the variables Yr1974 through Yr2007.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
yr{2003}
yr{2004}
yr{2007} D
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . .
Yr2007
Statistic
Employee
_ID
Employee_
Hire_Date
Year_
Hired
_N_ . 1
...

45. Execution Partial Listing of orion.salary_stats
Statistic
Yr1974
Yr1975
Yr1976
. . .
Avg_Salary
Partial Listing of orion.employee_payroll
Employee
_ID
Employee_
Hire_Date
Salary
120101
01JUL2003
163040
120102
01JUN1989
108255
120103
01JAN1974
87975
120104
01JAN1981
46230
120105
01MAY1999
27110
data compare;
keep Employee_ID Year_Hired Salary Average
Salary_Dif;
format Salary Average Salary_Dif dollar12.2;
array yr{1974:2007} Yr1974-Yr2007;
if _n_=1 then set orion.salary_stats
(where=(Statistic='Avg_Salary'));
set orion.employee_payroll
(keep=Employee_ID Employee_Hire_Date Salary);
Year_Hired=year(Employee_Hire_Date);
Average=yr{Year_Hired};
Salary_Dif=Salary-Average;
run;
Partial PDV
Salary
Average
Salary_
Dif
Yr1974
Yr1975
Yr1976
Yr1977
Yr1978
. . . .
34170
yr{1974}
yr{1975}
yr{1976}
yr{1977}
yr{1978} D
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: The first statement to execute is the IF statement. Since it is true, the PDV is loaded with the appropriate observation from orion.salary_stats.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
yr{2003}
yr{2004}
yr{2007} D
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . .
Yr2007
Statistic
Employee
_ID
Employee_
Hire_Date
Year_
Hired
_N_
Avg_Salary . 1
...

46. Execution Partial Listing of orion.salary_stats
Statistic
Yr1974
Yr1975
Yr1976
. . .
Avg_Salary
Partial Listing of orion.employee_payroll
Employee
_ID
Employee_
Hire_Date
Salary
120101
01JUL2003
163040
120102
01JUN1989
108255
120103
01JAN1974
87975
120104
01JAN1981
46230
120105
01MAY1999
27110
data compare;
keep Employee_ID Year_Hired Salary Average
Salary_Dif;
format Salary Average Salary_Dif dollar12.2;
array yr{1974:2007} Yr1974-Yr2007;
if _n_=1 then set orion.salary_stats
(where=(Statistic='Avg_Salary'));
set orion.employee_payroll
(keep=Employee_ID Employee_Hire_Date Salary);
Year_Hired=year(Employee_Hire_Date);
Average=yr{Year_Hired};
Salary_Dif=Salary-Average;
run;
Partial PDV
Salary
Average
Salary_
Dif
Yr1974
Yr1975
Yr1976
Yr1977
Yr1978
. . .
163040 .
34170
yr{1974}
yr{1975}
yr{1976}
yr{1977}
yr{1978} D
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: At execution of this SET statement, orion.employee_payroll is loaded into the PDV. This is where the Year_Hired variable can be calculated.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
yr{2003}
yr{2004}
yr{2007} D
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . .
Yr2007
Statistic
Employee
_ID
Employee_
Hire_Date
Year_
Hired
_N_
Avg_Salary
120101
01JUL2003 . 1
...

47. Execution Partial Listing of orion.salary_stats
Statistic
Yr1974
Yr1975
Yr1976
. . .
Avg_Salary
Partial Listing of orion.employee_payroll
Employee
_ID
Employee_
Hire_Date
Salary
120101
01JUL2003
163040
120102
01JUN1989
108255
120103
01JAN1974
87975
120104
01JAN1981
46230
120105
01MAY1999
27110
data compare;
keep Employee_ID Year_Hired Salary Average
Salary_Dif;
format Salary Average Salary_Dif dollar12.2;
array yr{1974:2007} Yr1974-Yr2007;
if _n_=1 then set orion.salary_stats
(where=(Statistic='Avg_Salary'));
set orion.employee_payroll
(keep=Employee_ID Employee_Hire_Date Salary);
Year_Hired=year(Employee_Hire_Date);
Average=yr{Year_Hired};
Salary_Dif=Salary-Average;
run;
Partial PDV
Salary
Average
Salary_
Dif
Yr1974
Yr1975
Yr1976
Yr1977
Yr1978
. . .
163040 .
34170
yr{1974}
yr{1975}
yr{1976}
yr{1977}
yr{1978} D
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: The variable Year_Hired is what we'll use to do the table lookup.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
yr{2003}
yr{2004}
yr{2007} D
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . .
Yr2007
Statistic
Employee
_ID
Employee_
Hire_Date
Year_
Hired
_N_
Avg_Salary
120101
01JUL2003
2003 1
...

48. Execution Partial Listing of orion.salary_stats
Statistic
Yr1974
Yr1975
Yr1976
. . .
Avg_Salary
Partial Listing of orion.employee_payroll
Employee
_ID
Employee_
Hire_Date
Salary
120101
01JUL2003
163040
120102
01JUN1989
108255
120103
01JAN1974
87975
120104
01JAN1981
46230
120105
01MAY1999
27110
data compare;
keep Employee_ID Year_Hired Salary Average
Salary_Dif;
format Salary Average Salary_Dif dollar12.2;
array yr{1974:2007} Yr1974-Yr2007;
if _n_=1 then set orion.salary_stats
(where=(Statistic='Avg_Salary'));
set orion.employee_payroll
(keep=Employee_ID Employee_Hire_Date Salary);
Year_Hired=year(Employee_Hire_Date);
Average=yr{Year_Hired};
Salary_Dif=Salary-Average;
run;
Partial PDV
Salary
Average
Salary_
Dif
Yr1974
Yr1975
Yr1976
Yr1977
Yr1978
. . .
163040 .
34170
yr{1974}
yr{1975}
yr{1976}
yr{1977}
yr{1978} D
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: We used the separate statement Year_Hired=year(Employee_Hire_Date); and then used the Year_Hired variable as the index value to do the lookup. These could be combined into Average=yr{year(Employee_Hire_Date)} but the program is easier to follow with two separate statements. There's not a lot of difference in efficiency to use 2 statements, as long as your data sets are relatively small. The next couple of slides show how the assignment statement works.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
yr{2003}
yr{2004}
yr{2007} D
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . .
Yr2007
Statistic
Employee
_ID
Employee_
Hire_Date
Year_
Hired
_N_
Avg_Salary
120101
01JUL2003
2003 1
...

49. Execution Partial Listing of orion.salary_stats
Statistic
Yr1974
Yr1975
Yr1976
. . .
Avg_Salary
Partial Listing of orion.employee_payroll
Employee
_ID
Employee_
Hire_Date
Salary
120101
01JUL2003
163040
120102
01JUN1989
108255
120103
01JAN1974
87975
120104
01JAN1981
46230
120105
01MAY1999
27110
data compare;
keep Employee_ID Year_Hired Salary Average
Salary_Dif;
format Salary Average Salary_Dif dollar12.2;
array yr{1974:2007} Yr1974-Yr2007;
if _n_=1 then set orion.salary_stats
(where=(Statistic='Avg_Salary'));
set orion.employee_payroll
(keep=Employee_ID Employee_Hire_Date Salary);
Year_Hired=year(Employee_Hire_Date);
Average=yr{Year_Hired};
Salary_Dif=Salary-Average;
run;
Average=yr{2003};
Partial PDV
Salary
Average
Salary_
Dif
Yr1974
Yr1975
Yr1976
Yr1977
Yr1978
. . .
163040 .
34170
yr{1974}
yr{1975}
yr{1976}
yr{1977}
yr{1978} D
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: The next couple of slides show how the assignment statement works.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
yr{2003}
yr{2004}
yr{2007} D
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . .
Yr2007
Statistic
Employee
_ID
Employee_
Hire_Date
Year_
Hired
_N_
Avg_Salary
120101
01JUL2003
2003 1
...

50. Execution Partial Listing of orion.salary_stats
Statistic
Yr1974
Yr1975
Yr1976
. . .
Avg_Salary
Partial Listing of orion.employee_payroll
Employee
_ID
Employee_
Hire_Date
Salary
120101
01JUL2003
163040
120102
01JUN1989
108255
120103
01JAN1974
87975
120104
01JAN1981
46230
120105
01MAY1999
27110
data compare;
keep Employee_ID Year_Hired Salary Average
Salary_Dif;
format Salary Average Salary_Dif dollar12.2;
array yr{1974:2007} Yr1974-Yr2007;
if _n_=1 then set orion.salary_stats
(where=(Statistic='Avg_Salary'));
set orion.employee_payroll
(keep=Employee_ID Employee_Hire_Date Salary);
Year_Hired=year(Employee_Hire_Date);
Average=yr{Year_Hired};
Salary_Dif=Salary-Average;
run;
Partial PDV
Salary
Average
Salary_
Dif
Yr1974
Yr1975
Yr1976
Yr1977
Yr1978
. . .
163040
34170
yr{1974}
yr{1975}
yr{1976}
yr{1977}
yr{1978} D
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: All this does is the calculation.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
yr{2003}
yr{2004}
yr{2007} D
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . .
Yr2007
Statistic
Employee
_ID
Employee_
Hire_Date
Year_
Hired
_N_
Avg_Salary
120101
01JUL2003
2003 1
...

51. Execution Partial Listing of orion.salary_stats
Statistic
Yr1974
Yr1975
Yr1976
. . .
Avg_Salary
Partial Listing of orion.employee_payroll
Employee
_ID
Employee_
Hire_Date
Salary
120101
01JUL2003
163040
120102
01JUN1989
108255
120103
01JAN1974
87975
120104
01JAN1981
46230
120105
01MAY1999
27110
data compare;
keep Employee_ID Year_Hired Salary Average
Salary_Dif;
format Salary Average Salary_Dif dollar12.2;
array yr{1974:2007} Yr1974-Yr2007;
if _n_=1 then set orion.salary_stats
(where=(Statistic='Avg_Salary'));
set orion.employee_payroll
(keep=Employee_ID Employee_Hire_Date Salary);
Year_Hired=year(Employee_Hire_Date);
Average=yr{Year_Hired};
Salary_Dif=Salary-Average;
run;
Implicit OUTPUT;
Implicit RETURN;
Partial PDV
Salary
Average
Salary_
Dif
Yr1974
Yr1975
Yr1976
Yr1977
Yr1978
. . .
163040
34170
yr{1974}
yr{1975}
yr{1976}
yr{1977}
yr{1978} D
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: After the implicit output, control returns to the top of the DATA step.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
yr{2003}
yr{2004}
yr{2007} D
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . .
Yr2007
Statistic
Employee
_ID
Employee_
Hire_Date
Year_
Hired
_N_
Avg_Salary
120101
01JUL2003
2003 1
...

52. Execution Continue until EOF Partial Listing of orion.salary_stats
Statistic
Yr1974
Yr1975
Yr1976
. . .
Avg_Salary
Partial Listing of orion.employee_payroll
Employee
_ID
Employee_
Hire_Date
Salary
120101
01JUL2003
163040
120102
01JUN1989
108255
120103
01JAN1974
87975
120104
01JAN1981
46230
120105
01MAY1999
27110
data compare;
keep Employee_ID Year_Hired Salary Average
Salary_Dif;
format Salary Average Salary_Dif dollar12.2;
array yr{1974:2007} Yr1974-Yr2007;
if _n_=1 then set orion.salary_stats
(where=(Statistic='Avg_Salary'));
set orion.employee_payroll
(keep=Employee_ID Employee_Hire_Date Salary);
Year_Hired=year(Employee_Hire_Date);
Average=yr{Year_Hired};
Salary_Dif=Salary-Average;
run;
Continue until EOF
Partial PDV
Salary
Average
Salary_
Dif
Yr1974
Yr1975
Yr1976
Yr1977
Yr1978
. . .
163040
34170
yr{1974}
yr{1975}
yr{1976}
yr{1977}
yr{1978} D
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: Execution continues until the end of file is encountered.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
yr{2003}
yr{2004}
yr{2007} D
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . .
Yr2007
Statistic
Employee
_ID
Employee_
Hire_Date
Year_
Hired
_N_
Avg_Salary
120101
01JUL2003
2003 1

53. Resulting Data PROC PRINT Output proc print data=compare(obs=8);
var Employee_ID Year_Hired Salary Average Salary_Dif;
title 'Using One Dimensional Arrays';
run;
PROC PRINT Output
Using One Dimensional Arrays
Year_
Obs Employee_ID Hired Salary Average Salary_Dif
$163, $35, $127,957.50
$108, $88, $19,666.25
$87, $39, $48,731.39
$46, $36, $9,793.33
$27, $36, $-9,423.75
$26, $39, $-12,283.61
$30, $39, $-8,768.61
$27, $27, $
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: This is the result. Notice the PROC PRINT VAR statement that controls order of the variables.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:

55. 4.06 Multiple Answer Poll
Which of the following ARRAY statements is similar to the statement array yr{1974:2007} Yr1974-Yr2007; and will compile without errors?
array yr{34} Yr1974-Yr2007;
array yr{ } Yr1974-Yr2007;
array yr{74:07} Yr1974-Yr2007;
array yr{74-07} Yr1974-Yr2007;
array yr{*} Yr1974-Yr2007;
A and E. B, C, & D won’t compile without errors. B & D use a dash (-) instead of a colon (:) for the range of index values. In answer C, the stop value is smaller than the start value.

56. 4.06 Multiple Answer Poll – Correct Answers
Which of the following ARRAY statements is similar to the statement array yr{1974:2007} Yr1974-Yr2007; and will compile without errors?
array yr{34} Yr1974-Yr2007;
array yr{ } Yr1974-Yr2007;
array yr{74:07} Yr1974-Yr2007;
array yr{74-07} Yr1974-Yr2007;
array yr{*} Yr1974-Yr2007;
A and E. B, C, & D won’t compile without errors. B & D use a dash (-) instead of a colon (:) for the range of index values. In answer C, the stop value is smaller than the start value.

58. Exercise
These exercises reinforce the concepts discussed previously.

59. Chapter 4: Using Lookup Tables to Match Data: Arrays
4.1: Introduction to Lookup Techniques
4.2: Using One-Dimensional Arrays as Lookup Tables
4.3: Using a Multidimensional Array as a Lookup Table
4.4: Loading a Multidimensional Array from a SAS Data Set

60. Objectives Define a multidimensional array.
Explain the differences between a one-dimensional array and a multidimensional array.
Use a multidimensional array as a lookup table.

61. Business Scenario
The SAS data set orion.profit has information about every company for the years 2003 through 2007, separated by month.
Partial Listing of orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .))
Company
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit
Logistics
03M01
$457,809
$210,914
$127,525
$119,370
03M02
$325,138
$149,718
$47,895
03M03
$276,805
$127,827
$134,198
$14,780
03M04
$558,806
$264,868
$159,741
03M05
$641,954
$303,324
$204,432
03M06
$827,976
$389,207
$304,571
03M07
$819,373
$389,020
$138,047
$292,306
03M08
$794,750
$373,204
$140,206
$281,340
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: Point out the YYMM variable. We're going to investigate that first (see next slide.)
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:

63. 4.07 Quiz
What is the type of the variable YYMM in the data set orion.profit?
numeric
This is important because we will use the YYMM variable to get the dimensions for the array.

64. 4.07 Quiz – Correct Answer
What is the type of the variable YYMM in the data set orion.profit?
Use PROC CONTENTS.
proc contents data=orion.profit;
run;
YYMM is a numeric variable. It represents a SAS date.
numeric
This is important because we will use the YYMM variable to get the dimensions for the array.

65. Business Scenario
This table contains the budgeted amounts for each of those months and years. Each row represents a month, and each column represents a year.
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007
$1,590,000
$1,880,000
$2,300,000
$1,960,000
$1,970,000
$1,290,000
$1,550,000
$1,830,000
$1,480,000
$1,640,000
$1,160,000
$1,380,000
$1,410,000
$1,440,000
$1,710,000
$2,100,000
$2,420,000
$2,130,000
$2,270,000
$1,990,000
$2,350,000
$2,840,000
$2,480,000
$2,670,000
$2,560,000
$3,020,000
$3,580,000
$3,070,000
$3,410,000
$2,590,000
$2,890,000
$3,550,000
$3,010,000
$3,490,000
$2,550,000
$3,030,000
$3,500,000
$1,070,000
$1,180,000
$1,260,000
$1,520,000
$1,270,000
$1,600,000
$1,360,000
$1,700,000
$1,470,000
$1,780,000
$1,540,000
$1,950,000
$2,870,000
$3,120,000
$3,760,000
$3,210,000
$4,370,000
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: This is a table of values on a piece of paper at this point. Later, we'll see the same information in a SAS data set.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
continued...

66. Business Scenario
You need to combine the budget amounts in the table with the actual amount in the SAS data set to create the following report:
Listing of budget_amt
Actual vs Budgeted Amounts (Two Observations)
Company YYMM Sales Cost Salaries profit BudgetAmt
Logistics 03M $457, $210, $127, $119,370 $1,590,000
Logistics 03M $325, $149, $127, $47,895 $1,290,000
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: We are only using two observations from orion.profit because we only want to type in a few of the values from the table. Usually, you don't type the values into an array, but load it from a SAS data set, which we'll do in a few slides. But to get us started, we'll do some typing.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:

68. 4.08 Quiz
What do the data set orion.profit and the table have in common?
Partial Listing of orion.profit (where=(Sales ne .))
Company
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit
Logistics
03M01
$457,809
$210,914
$127,525
$119,370
03M02
$325,138
$149,718
$47,895
03M03
$276,805
$127,827
$134,198
$14,780
03M04
$558,806
$264,868
$159,741
They have the month and year in common. In the data set orion.profit, the month and year can be extracted from the variable YYMM. In the lookup table, each row represents a month and each column represents a year.
Important that the students see that the two have the month and year in common. There are 2 factors; therefore, we'll use a two dimensional array for the combination.
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007
$1,590,000
$1,880,000
$2,300,000
$1,960,000
$1,970,000
$1,290,000
$1,550,000
$1,830,000
$1,480,000
$1,640,000

69. 4.08 Quiz – Correct Answer
What do the data set orion.profit and the table have in common?
They have the month and year in common. In the data set orion.profit, the month and year can be extracted from the variable YYMM. In the table, each row represents a month and each column represents a year.
Type answer here
They have the month and year in common. In the data set orion.profit, the month and year can be extracted from the variable YYMM. In the lookup table, each row represents a month and each column represents a year.
Important that the students see that the two have the month and year in common. There are 2 factors; therefore, we'll use a two dimensional array for the combination.

70. Overview of Two-Dimensional Arrays
To combine the table of budgeted values with the data set containing profit, use a two-dimensional array.
A two-dimensional array is similar to a row of buckets.
1,1
1,2
2,1
2,2
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: A two-dimesional array is similar to the row of buckets where each bucket is referred to with 2 numbers.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
SAS puts a value in a bucket based on multiple numbers.
Values are retrieved from a bucket based on multiple numbers.

71. Using Multidimensional Arrays
General form for the multidimensional ARRAY statement:
ARRAY array-name {…,rows, cols} <$> <length>
<elements> <(initial values)>;
rows
specifies the number of array elements in a row arrangement.
cols
specifies the number of array elements in a column arrangement.
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: The ARRAY statement for a multidimensional array is just like the one for a one dimensional array except that you have multiple dimensions in the curly braces { } that show the number of elements for each factor. You can think of them as the number of elements in the rows and the number of elements in the columns. There is no limit to the number of dimensions you can have in a multidimensional array. Just remember that the entire array has to fit in memory at one time.
Be sure to point out the variable names, B1-B10.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Example:
array B{2,5} B1-B10;

72. Using Multidimensional Arrays
array B{2,5} B1-B10 ( , , , , ,
, , , , );
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007
$1,590,000
$1,880,000
$2,300,000
$1,960,000
$1,970,000
$1,290,000
$1,550,000
$1,830,000
$1,480,000
$1,640,000
$1,160,000
$1,380,000
$1,410,000
$1,440,000
$1,710,000
$2,100,000
$2,420,000
$2,130,000
$2,270,000
$1,990,000
$2,350,000
$2,840,000
$2,480,000
$2,670,000
$2,560,000
$3,020,000
$3,580,000
$3,070,000
$3,410,000
$2,590,000
$2,890,000
$3,550,000
$3,010,000
$3,490,000
$2,550,000
$3,030,000
$3,500,000
$1,070,000
$1,180,000
$1,260,000
$1,520,000
$1,270,000
$1,600,000
$1,360,000
$1,700,000
$1,470,000
$1,780,000
$1,540,000
$1,950,000
$2,870,000
$3,120,000
$3,760,000
$3,210,000
$4,370,000
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: We're going to start with the first two rows from this table, and we will type the numbers into the array statement as the initial values. We're also creating 10 variables in which to hold those constants.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:

73. Using Multidimensional Arrays
array B{2,5} B1-B10 ( , , , , ,
, , , , );
PDV
B{1,1}
B{2,1}
B{1,3}
B{1,4}
B{1,5}
B{1,2}
B{2,2}
B{2,3}
B{2,4}
B{2,5} B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9
B10
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: This is what the PDV would look like.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:

75. Setup for the Poll
The following ARRAY statement creates 10 new variables.
array B{2,5} B1-B10 ( , , , , ,
, , , , );

76. 4.09 Multiple Answer Poll
Which of the following would be equivalent to the two dimensional ARRAY statement on the previous slide?
array B{*} B1-B10
( , , , , , , , , , );
array B{2,2003:2007} B1-B ( , , , , , , , , , );
array B{2,5} ( , , , , , , , , , );
array B{2,5} _temporary_ ( , , , , , , , , , );
B and C. Each creates a 2-dimensional array with 2 rows and 5 columns. Answer A creates a one-dimensional array. You cannot use the notation with a multi-dimensional array. Answer D creates a temporary array, which does not create slots for variables in the PDV.

77. 4.09 Multiple Answer Poll – Correct Answers
Which of the following would be equivalent to the two dimensional ARRAY statement on the previous slide?
array B{*} B1-B10
( , , , , , , , , , );
array B{2,2003:2007} B1-B ( , , , , , , , , , );
array B{2,5} ( , , , , , , , , , );
array B{2,5} _temporary_ ( , , , , , , , , , );
B and C. Each creates a 2-dimensional array with 2 rows and 5 columns. Answer A creates a one-dimensional array. You cannot use the notation with a multi-dimensional array. Answer D creates a temporary array, which does not create slots for variables in the PDV.

78. Business Scenario
Find the budgeted amounts for each company, year, and month.
Partial Listing of orion.profit
Company
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit
Logistics
03M01
$457,809
$210,914
$127,525
$119,370
03M02
$325,138
$149,718
$47,895 +
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007
$1,590,000
$1,880,000
$2,300,000
$1,960,000
$1,970,000
$1,290,000
$1,550,000
$1,830,000
$1,480,000
$1,640,000
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: Back to our example. We need to combine the orion.profit data set with the first two rows of Budget information to create a data set that contains the Budget Amount.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section: =
Partial Listing of budget_amt
Company
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit
BudgetAmt
Logistics
03M01
$457,809
$210,914
$127,525
$119,370
$1,590,000
03M02
$325,138
$149,718
$47,895
$1,290,000

79. Using Multidimensional Arrays
Find the budgeted amounts for each company, year, and month.
Company
YYMM
Logistics
03M01
03M02
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007
$1,590,000
$1,880,000
$2,300,000
$1,960,000
$1,970,000
$1,290,000
$1,550,000
$1,830,000
$1,480,000
$1,640,000
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: We need to dissect the YYMM variable in order to find the year variable for our columns and the month variable for the row.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:

80. Using Multidimensional Arrays
data budget_amt;
drop Y M;
array B{2,2003:2007} _temporary_
( , , ,
, , ,
, , , );
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .)
obs=2);
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;    
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: Step 1. point out _temporary_
Step 2 and Step 3, we calculate the subscript value.
Step 4. Table lookup.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
p304d03

81. Execution ... Partial Listing of orion.profit data budget_amt;
drop Y M;
array B{2,2003:2007} _Temporary_
( , , ,
, , ,
, , , );
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .)
obs=2);
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.profit
Company
YYMM
Sales
Cost
. . .
Logistics
03M01
457809
210914
03M02
325138
149718
B{1,2003}
B{1,2004}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{2,2003}
B{2,2004}
B{2,2005}
B{2,2006}
B{2,2007}
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: This is where processing is at the end of compile but before execution. Notice the array is set up and the values loaded.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
PDV
Company
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
BudgetAmt
_N_ . 1 D D D
...

82. Execution ... Partial Listing of orion.profit data budget_amt;
drop Y M;
array B{2,2003:2007} _Temporary_
( , , ,
, , ,
, , , );
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .)
obs=2);
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.profit
Company
YYMM
Sales
Cost
. . .
Logistics
03M01
457809
210914
03M02
325138
149718
B{1,2003}
B{1,2004}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{2,2003}
B{2,2004}
B{2,2005}
B{2,2006}
B{2,2007}
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: When the SET statement executes, it fills in the PDV.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
PDV
Company
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
BudgetAmt
_N_
Logistics
03M01
457809
210914
127525
119370 . 1 D D D
...

83. Execution ... Partial Listing of orion.profit data budget_amt;
drop Y M;
array B{2,2003:2007} _Temporary_
( , , ,
, , ,
, , , );
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .)
obs=2);
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.profit
Company
YYMM
Sales
Cost
. . .
Logistics
03M01
457809
210914
03M02
325138
149718
B{1,2003}
B{1,2004}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{2,2003}
B{2,2004}
B{2,2005}
B{2,2006}
B{2,2007}
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: Y and M are calculated.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
PDV
Company
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
BudgetAmt
_N_
Logistics
03M01
457809
210914
127525
119370
2003 1 . D D D
...

84. Execution ... Partial Listing of orion.profit data budget_amt;
drop Y M;
array B{2,2003:2007} _Temporary_
( , , ,
, , ,
, , , );
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .)
obs=2);
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.profit
Company
YYMM
Sales
Cost
. . .
Logistics
03M01
457809
210914
03M02
325138
149718
B{1,2003}
B{1,2004}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{2,2003}
B{2,2004}
B{2,2005}
B{2,2006}
B{2,2007}
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: This is the table lookup statement. The two assignment statements could be combined into this statement: BudgetAmt=B{Month(YYMM),Year(YYMM)); The next slide shows how it works.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
PDV
Company
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
BudgetAmt
_N_
Logistics
03M01
457809
210914
127525
119370
2003 1 . D D D
...

85. Execution BudgetAmt=B{1,2003}; ... Partial Listing of orion.profit
data budget_amt;
drop Y M;
array B{2,2003:2007} _Temporary_
( , , ,
, , ,
, , , );
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .)
obs=2);
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
BudgetAmt=B{1,2003};
Partial Listing of orion.profit
Company
YYMM
Sales
Cost
. . .
Logistics
03M01
457809
210914
03M02
325138
149718
B{1,2003}
B{1,2004}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{2,2003}
B{2,2004}
B{2,2005}
B{2,2006}
B{2,2007}
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: The values for the array subscripts are substituted into the assignment statement, and the value is copied from the array element into the PDV.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
PDV
Company
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
BudgetAmt
_N_
Logistics
03M01
457809
210914
127525
119370
2003 1 D D D
...

86. Execution Implicit OUTPUT; Implicit RETURN; ...
data budget_amt;
drop Y M;
array B{2,2003:2007} _Temporary_
( , , ,
, , ,
, , , );
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .)
obs=2);
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Implicit OUTPUT;
Implicit RETURN;
Partial Listing of orion.profit
Company
YYMM
Sales
Cost
. . .
Logistics
03M01
457809
210914
03M02
325138
149718
B{1,2003}
B{1,2004}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{2,2003}
B{2,2004}
B{2,2005}
B{2,2006}
B{2,2007}
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: After the implicit output it is an implicit return.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
PDV
Company
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
BudgetAmt
_N_
Logistics
03M01
457809
210914
127525
119370
2003 1 D D D
...

87. Execution Reinitialize PDV ... Partial Listing of orion.profit
data budget_amt;
drop Y M;
array B{2,2003:2007} _Temporary_
( , , ,
, , ,
, , , );
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .)
obs=2);
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.profit
Company
YYMM
Sales
Cost
. . .
Logistics
03M01
457809
210914
03M02
325138
149718
Reinitialize PDV
B{1,2003}
B{1,2004}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{2,2003}
B{2,2004}
B{2,2005}
B{2,2006}
B{2,2007}
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: At the top of the DATA step, the PDV is re-initialized.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
PDV
Company
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
BudgetAmt
_N_
Logistics
03M01
457809
210914
127525
119370 . 2 D D D
...

88. Execution ... Partial Listing of orion.profit data budget_amt;
drop Y M;
array B{2,2003:2007} _Temporary_
( , , ,
, , ,
, , , );
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .)
obs=2);
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.profit
Company
YYMM
Sales
Cost
. . .
Logistics
03M01
457809
210914
03M02
325138
149718
B{1,2003}
B{1,2004}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{2,2003}
B{2,2004}
B{2,2005}
B{2,2006}
B{2,2007}
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: The SET statement executes and loads observations 2 from orion.profit into the PDV. Y and M are calculated.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
PDV
Company
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
BudgetAmt
_N_
Logistics
03M02
325138
149718
127525
47895
2003 2 . D D D
...

89. Execution ... Partial Listing of orion.profit data budget_amt;
drop Y M;
array B{2,2003:2007} _Temporary_
( , , ,
, , ,
, , , );
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .)
obs=2);
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.profit
Company
YYMM
Sales
Cost
. . .
Logistics
03M01
457809
210914
03M02
325138
149718
B{1,2003}
B{1,2004}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{2,2003}
B{2,2004}
B{2,2005}
B{2,2006}
B{2,2007}
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: The lookup occurs. Skip over this slide quickly as the next one shows how.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
PDV
Company
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
BudgetAmt
_N_
Logistics
03M02
325138
149718
127525
47895
2003 2 . D D D
...

90. Execution BudgetAmt=B{2,2003}; ... Partial Listing of orion.profit
data budget_amt;
drop Y M;
array B{2,2003:2007} _Temporary_
( , , ,
, , ,
, , , );
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .)
obs=2);
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
BudgetAmt=B{2,2003};
Partial Listing of orion.profit
Company
YYMM
Sales
Cost
. . .
Logistics
03M01
457809
210914
03M02
325138
149718
B{1,2003}
B{1,2004}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{2,2003}
B{2,2004}
B{2,2005}
B{2,2006}
B{2,2007}
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: The array element value is copied into the PDV.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
PDV
Company
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
BudgetAmt
_N_
Logistics
03M02
325138
149718
127525
47895
2003 2 D D D
...

91. Execution Implicit OUTPUT; Implicit RETURN; ...
data budget_amt;
drop Y M;
array B{2,2003:2007} _Temporary_
( , , ,
, , ,
, , , );
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .)
obs=2);
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Implicit OUTPUT;
Implicit RETURN;
Partial Listing of orion.profit
Company
YYMM
Sales
Cost
. . .
Logistics
03M01
457809
210914
03M02
325138
149718
B{1,2003}
B{1,2004}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{2,2003}
B{2,2004}
B{2,2005}
B{2,2006}
B{2,2007}
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: After observation 2 is output, return goes back to the top of the DATA step.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
PDV
Company
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
BudgetAmt
_N_
Logistics
03M02
325138
149718
127525
47895
2003 2 D D D
...

92. Execution Execution stops. ... Partial Listing of orion.profit
data budget_amt;
drop Y M;
array B{2,2003:2007} _Temporary_
( , , ,
, , ,
, , , );
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .)
obs=2);
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.profit
Company
YYMM
Sales
Cost
. . .
Logistics
03M01
457809
210914
03M02
325138
149718
Execution stops.
B{1,2003}
B{1,2004}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{2,2003}
B{2,2004}
B{2,2005}
B{2,2006}
B{2,2007}
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: Because we used the OBS=2 DATA set option, execution stops.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
PDV
Company
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
BudgetAmt
_N_
Logistics
03M02
325138
149718
127525
47895
2003 2 D D D
...

94. Exercise
These exercises reinforce the concepts discussed previously.

95. Chapter 4: Using Lookup Tables to Match Data: Arrays
4.1: Introduction to Lookup Techniques
4.2: Using One-Dimensional Arrays as Lookup Tables
4.3: Using a Multidimensional Array as a Lookup Table
4.4: Loading a Multidimensional Array from a SAS Data Set

96. Objectives Load a multidimensional array from a SAS data set.
Identify the advantages of an array as a lookup table.
Identify the disadvantages of an array as a lookup table.

97. Business Scenario
Budget values are stored in a SAS data set named orion.budget where the rows represent months and the columns represent years.
Load the array from the values in the SAS data set.
Listing of orion.budget
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 1
$1,590,000
$1,880,000
$2,300,000
$1,960,000
$1,970,000 2
$1,290,000
$1,550,000
$1,830,000
$1,480,000
$1,640,000 3
$1,160,000
$1,380,000
$1,410,000
$1,440,000 4
$1,710,000
$2,100,000
$2,420,000
$2,130,000
$2,270,000 5
$1,990,000
$2,350,000
$2,840,000
$2,480,000
$2,670,000 6
$2,560,000
$3,020,000
$3,580,000
$3,070,000
$3,410,000 7
$2,590,000
$2,890,000
$3,550,000
$3,010,000
$3,490,000 8
$2,550,000
$3,030,000
$3,500,000 9
$1,070,000
$1,180,000
$1,260,000
$1,520,000 10
$1,270,000
$1,600,000
$1,360,000
$1,700,000 11
$1,470,000
$1,780,000
$1,540,000
$1,950,000 12
$2,870,000
$3,120,000
$3,760,000
$3,210,000
$4,370,000
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: This time we've got the array data in a data set where each observation is a month and the variables represent years.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:

98. Stored Array Values
Array values should be read from a SAS data set when the following conditions exist:
There are too many values to initialize easily in the array.
Values change frequently.
The same values are used in many programs.
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: Main reason: to avoid having to type them.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:

99. Using Multidimensional Arrays
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}= tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;   
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: 1) the DO I=1 to 12 loop is what is driving execution of the SET statement so it can read all of the observations of the orion.Budget data. You could have used the NOBS= option then use that variable instead of the 12. Since we know there are only 12 months of data in this data set, there's no reason not to use the 12.
2) The TMP array is pointing to the variables in the orion.budget data.
3) This assignment statement is what is loading the B array. What we’re doing here is loading the entire month row into the final B array by iterating from 2003 to Later we'll use the B array for the lookup.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
p304d04

101. 4.10 Multiple Choice Poll
How many elements are in the array defined by the ARRAY statement? 24 48 60
array B{12,2003:2007} _temporary_;
d. 60

102. 4.10 Multiple Choice Poll – Correct Answer
How many elements are in the array defined by the ARRAY statement? 24 48 60
array B{12,2003:2007} _temporary_;
d. 60

103. Execution ... Partial PDV Partial Listing of orion.budget I Month
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_ = 1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J = 2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}= tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.budget
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . . 1 2 3 4 .
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: This is where processing is at the end of compilation. Notice that the array B has no values in it, but it is temporary and not part of the PDV.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company . D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_ . 1 D
...

104. Execution ... Partial PDV Partial Listing of orion.budget I Month
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_ = 1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J = 2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}= tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.budget
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . . 1 2 3 4 .
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: Since the IF statement is true, the DO statement executes and I is set to 1.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 1 . D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_ . 1 D
...

105. Execution ... Partial PDV Partial Listing of orion.budget I Month
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_ = 1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J = 2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}= tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.budget
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . . 1 2 3 4 .
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: The first observation of the data set orion.budget is loaded into the PDV.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 1 . D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_ . 1 D
...

106. Execution ... Partial PDV Partial Listing of orion.budget I Month
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}= tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.budget
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . . 1 2 3 4 .
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: The ARRAY statement is not executable, that's why the highlighting skips to the DO statement. J is now 2003.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 1
2003 D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_ . 1 D
...

107. Execution ... Partial PDV Partial Listing of orion.budget I Month
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}=tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.budget
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . . 1 2 3 4 .
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: The assignment statement loads the appropriate array element. Go through the next slides very quickly unless someone has a question.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 1
2003 D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_ . 1 D
...

108. Execution B{1,2003}=tmp{2003}; ... Partial PDV
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}= tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.budget
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . . 1 2 3 4 .
B{1,2003}=tmp{2003};
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: The assignment statement uses values from the PDV to fill in the appropriate array element with the value referenced by the array TMP.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 1
2003 D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_ . 1 D
...

109. Execution ... Partial PDV Partial Listing of orion.budget I Month
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}=tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.budget
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . . 1 2 3 4 .
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: J increments to 2004.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 1
2004 D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_ . 1 D
...

110. Execution ... Partial PDV Partial Listing of orion.budget I Month
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}=tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.budget
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . . 1 2 3 4 .
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: The subscript J is still in bounds so the DO loop executes again.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 1
2004 D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_ . 1 D
...

111. Execution B{1,2004}=tmp{2004}; ... Partial PDV
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}= tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.budget
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . . 1 2 3 4 .
B{1,2004}=tmp{2004};
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: Go through the next slides quickly. You don't have to say much except, 'here we go again.'
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 1
2004 D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_ . 1 D
...

112. Execution Continue until J=2008 ... Partial PDV
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}=tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.budget
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . . 1 2 3 4 .
Continue until J=2008
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: I increments to 2. Control returns to the top of the outer DO loop.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 2 1
2008 D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_ . 1 D
...

113. Execution ... Partial PDV Partial Listing of orion.budget I Month
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}=tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.budget
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . . 1 2 3 4 .
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: The DO statement executes a second time.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 2 1
2008 D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_ . 1 D
...

114. Execution ... Partial PDV Partial Listing of orion.budget I Month
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}=tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.budget
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . . 1 2 3 4 .
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: The second observation is copied into the PDV.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 2
2008 D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_ . 1 D
...

115. Execution ... Partial PDV Partial Listing of orion.budget I Month
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}=tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.budget
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . . 1 2 3 4 .
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: J is reset to 2003.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 2
2003 D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_ . 1 D
...

116. Execution ... Partial PDV Partial Listing of orion.budget I Month
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}=tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.budget
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . . 1 2 3 4 .
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: And the assignment statement executes where I is 2 and J goes from 2003 to Again, don't say anything but run through the next set of slides quickly.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 2
2003 D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_ . 1 D
...

117. Execution B{2,2003}=tmp{2003}; ... Partial PDV
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}= tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.budget
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . . 1 2 3 4 .
B{2,2003}=tmp{2003};
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor:
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 2
2003 D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_ . 1 D
...

118. Execution ... Partial PDV Partial Listing of orion.budget I Month
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}=tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.budget
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . . 1 2 3 4 .
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor:
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 2
2004 D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_ . 1 D
...

119. Execution B{2,2004}=tmp{2004}; ... Partial PDV
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}= tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.budget
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . . 1 2 3 4 .
B{2,2004}=tmp{2004};
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor:
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 2
2004 D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_ . 1 D
...

120. Execution ... Partial PDV Partial Listing of orion.budget I Month
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}=tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.budget
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . . 1 2 3 4 .
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor:
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 2
2005 D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_ . 1 D
...

121. Execution Eventually, I=12 and J=2006 ... Partial PDV
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}=tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.budget
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . . 1 2 3 4 .
Eventually, I=12 and J=2006
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: So we don't bore them too much, we skip until I is 12 and J is 2006 to load the last two array elements.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 12
2006 D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_ . 1 D
...

122. Execution ... Partial PDV Partial Listing of orion.budget I Month
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}=tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.budget
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . . 1 2 3 4 .
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: Don't talk through these next slides. They just load the end of the array, so skip quickly through them.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 12
2006 D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_ . 1 D
...

123. Execution B{12,2006}=tmp{2006}; ... Partial PDV
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}= tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.budget
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . . 1 2 3 4 .
B{12,2006}=tmp{2006};
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor:
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 12
2006 D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_ . 1 D
...

124. Execution ... Partial PDV Partial Listing of orion.budget I Month
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}=tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.budget
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . . 1 2 3 4 .
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor:
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 12
2007 D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_ . 1 D
...

125. Execution ... Partial PDV Partial Listing of orion.budget I Month
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}=tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.budget
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . . 1 2 3 4 .
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor:
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 12
2007 D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_ . 1 D
...

126. Execution B{12,2007}=tmp{2007}; ... Partial PDV
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}= tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.budget
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . . 1 2 3 4 .
B{12,2007}=tmp{2007};
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor:
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 12
2007 D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_ . 1 D
...

127. Execution ... Partial PDV Partial Listing of orion.budget I Month
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}=tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.budget
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . . 1 2 3 4 .
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: Once J is 2008, the inner DO loop exits and the second END statement executes.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 12
2008 D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_ . 1 D
...

128. Execution ... Partial PDV Partial Listing of orion.budget I Month
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}=tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.budget
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . . 1 2 3 4 .
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: At that point, I increments to 13.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 13 12
2008 D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_ . 1 D
...

129. Execution ... Partial PDV Partial Listing of orion.budget I Month
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}=tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.budget
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
. . . 1 2 3 4 .
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: the DO statement executes, but I is out of bounds.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 13 12
2008 D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_ . 1 D
...

130. Execution ... Partial PDV Partial Listing of orion.profit I Month
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}=tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.profit
Company
YYMM
Sales
. . .
Logistics
03M01
457809
03M02
325138
03M03
276805
03M04
558806 .
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: So the SET statement executes the first time. Note that _N_ is still 1.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 13 12
2008
Logistics D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_
03M01
457809
210914
127525
119370 . 1 D
...

131. Execution ... Partial PDV Partial Listing of orion.profit I Month
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}=tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.profit
Company
YYMM
Sales
. . .
Logistics
03M01
457809
03M02
325138
03M03
276805
03M04
558806 .
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: The assignment statements execute using the YYMM data from the first observation of orion.profit.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 13 12
2008
Logistics D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_
03M01
457809
210914
127525
119370
2003 1 . D
...

132. Execution ... Partial PDV Partial Listing of orion.profit I Month
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}=tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.profit
Company
YYMM
Sales
. . .
Logistics
03M01
457809
03M02
325138
03M03
276805
03M04
558806 .
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: This is the table lookup statement.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 13 12
2008
Logistics D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_
03M01
457809
210914
127525
119370
2003 1 . D
...

133. Execution BudgetAmt=B{1,2003}; ... Partial PDV
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}=tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.profit
Company
YYMM
Sales
. . .
Logistics
03M01
457809
03M02
325138
03M03
276805
03M04
558806 .
BudgetAmt=B{1,2003};
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: The values of Y and M are substituted as the array subscripts and the array element is copied into the PDV.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 13 12
2008
Logistics D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_
03M01
457809
210914
127525
119370
2003 1 D
...

134. Execution Implicit OUTPUT; Implicit RETURN; ... Partial PDV
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}=tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.profit
Company
YYMM
Sales
. . .
Logistics
03M01
457809
03M02
325138
03M03
276805
03M04
558806 .
Implicit OUTPUT;
Implicit RETURN;
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: After the implicit output, the DATA step executes a second time.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company 13 12
2008
Logistics D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_
03M01
457809
210914
127525
119370
2003 1 D
...

135. Execution Reinitialize PDV ... Partial PDV
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}=tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.profit
Company
YYMM
Sales
. . .
Logistics
03M01
457809
03M02
325138
03M03
276805
03M04
558806 .
Reinitialize PDV
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: New variables are reinitialized to missing. Note, that includes I and J.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company . 12
Logistics D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_
03M01
457809
210914
127525
119370 . 2 D
...

136. Execution False ... Partial PDV Partial Listing of orion.profit I
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}=tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.profit
Company
YYMM
Sales
. . .
Logistics
03M01
457809
03M02
325138
03M03
276805
03M04
558806 .
False
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: The IF/THEN DO group does not execute again because _N_ is 2. That is important to prevent SAS from hitting the end of file and ending the DATA step.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company . 12
Logistics D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_
03M01
457809
210914
127525
119370 . 2 D
...

137. Execution ... Partial PDV Partial Listing of orion.profit I Month
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}=tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.profit
Company
YYMM
Sales
. . .
Logistics
03M01
457809
03M02
325138
03M03
276805
03M04
558806 .
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: The second SET statement executes again and the second observation of orion.profit is copied into the PDV.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company . 12
Logistics D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_
03M02
325138
149718
127525
47895 . 2 D
...

138. Execution ... Partial PDV Partial Listing of orion.profit I Month
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}=tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.profit
Company
YYMM
Sales
. . .
Logistics
03M01
457809
03M02
325138
03M03
276805
03M04
558806 .
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: Y and M are calculated.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company . 12
Logistics D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_
03M02
325138
149718
127525
47895
2003 2 D
...

139. Execution Implicit OUTPUT; Implicit RETURN; ... Partial PDV
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}=tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.profit
Company
YYMM
Sales
. . .
Logistics
03M01
457809
03M02
325138
03M03
276805
03M04
558806 .
Implicit OUTPUT;
Implicit RETURN;
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: There is the implicit output and the implicit return.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company . 12
Logistics D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_
03M02
325138
149718
127525
47895
2003 2 D
...

140. Execution Continue until EOF ... Partial PDV
data budget_amt;
drop Yr2003-Yr2007 Month I J Y M;
array B{12,2003:2007} _Temporary_;
if _n_=1 then do I=1 to 12;
set orion.budget;
array tmp{2003:2007} Yr2003-Yr2007;
do J=2003 to 2007;
B{I,J}=tmp{J};
end;
set orion.profit(where=(Sales ne .));
Y=year(YYMM);
M=month(YYMM);
BudgetAmt=B{M,Y};
run;
Partial Listing of orion.profit
Company
YYMM
Sales
. . .
Logistics
03M01
457809
03M02
325138
03M03
276805
03M04
558806 .
Continue until EOF
B{1,2003}
B{2,2003}
B{1,2005}
B{1,2006}
B{1,2007}
B{1,2004}
B{2,2004}
B{12,2006}
B{12,2007}
. . .
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: And execution continues until the end of the file in orion.profit.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:
Partial PDV I
Month
Yr2003
Yr2004
Yr2005
Yr2006
Yr2007 J
Company . 12
Logistics D
tmp{2003}
tmp{2004}
tmp{2006}
tmp{2007}
tmp{2005}
YYMM
Sales
Cost
Salaries
profit Y M
Budget
Amt
_N_
03M02
325138
149718
127525
47895
2003 2 D
...

141. Advantages of Using an Array Disadvantages of Using an Array
faster than a hash object or format if you can use it
a contiguous chunk of memory requested at compile time
use of positional order
memory requirements to load the entire array
use of multiple values to determine the array element to be returned
requirement that you must have a numeric value as a pointer to the array elements
ability to use a non-sorted and non-indexed base data set
the return of only a single value from the lookup operation
use of numeric expressions to determine which element of the array is to be looked up; exact match not required
dimensions supplied at compile time by either hard-coding or macro variables
TAG_Audio:
TAG_Instructor: These mean:
Stress this advantage. It is the most important
We had the idea of 1st month, 2nd month, and so forth.
We could use a multidimensional array: one dimension for each value.
The data does not have to be sorted or indexed.
And we calculated the value of M and Y using SAS functions.
An array is always one of the best method to use if you can.
TAG_Movie:
TAG_Print:
TAG_Section:

142. Review of Arrays Array An array uses less memory than a hash object.
The size of the array is determined at compilation time.
The subscript value(s) must be numeric.
Subscript values must be consecutive integers.
One data value can be associated with the subscript value(s).
An array selects values by direct access based on the subscript value.
Arrays can only be used in the DATA step.

144. Exercise
These exercises reinforce the concepts discussed previously.