1. By Vaibhavi Mahajan
Matter and Dark Matter

2. Matter
Matter is any substance that takes up space and has mass.

3. Types of Matter
There are five types of matter. They’re solid, liquid, gas, plasma, and the Bose- Einstein Condensate.

4. Solids
The particles in a solid are bunched up together to where they have almost no space to move. It doesn’t change in its shape or volume. A table is an example of a solid.

5. Liquids
The particles in a liquid are loose flowing but still close together at the same time. Liquids have a definite volume but no fixed shape. An example of a liquid is water.

6. Gases
The particles in a gas move around freely in the absence of an electric field. Because of this, a colorless gas looks invisible to the human eye. Gases have no definite shape or volume unless enclosed in a container. An example of a gas is oxygen.

7. Plasma
Plasma can be created by heating a gas or subjecting it to a strong electromagnetic field. It doesn’t have a definite shape or volume unless enclosed in a container. Plasma is the most abundant form of matter in the universe. An example of plasma is lightning.

8. Bose-Einstein Condensate
The Bose-Einstein Condensate is a dilute gas that’s cooled to temperatures close to absolute zero. It can only be made in a science laboratory. It was made in 1995 in JILA by a team of physicists.

9. Dark Matter
Dark matter is a hypothetical type of matter that scientists can’t directly observe that makes up most of the universe. Fritz Zwicky concluded dark matter existed in It doesn’t emit light or energy. It is a mystery because scientists don’t know exactly what it is. Dark matter was created after the big bang,14 billion years ago. Black Holes are a type of dark matter.

10. Baryonic and Non-Baryonic particles
Cosmologists classify all matter into two types: Baryonic and Non-Baryonic. Baryonic is ordinary matter and creates stars, planets, and moons while Non-Baryonic is exotic matter and creates neutrinos which are tiny particles having less than a millionth of the mass of an electron.

11. Conclusion
We use and see most types of matter in everyday life, and in there’s a reasonable chance scientists will discover the nature of dark matter in the next few years.

12. Bibliography
Wikipedia
Natural History Magazine
MIT