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Water Cycle, Rivers, Flooding

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Presentation on theme: "Water Cycle, Rivers, Flooding"— Presentation transcript:

1 Water Cycle, Rivers, Flooding

2 Water Cycle – Driven by Sun’s Energy and is recycled
Water Budget

3 Distribution of Water 97% 2% 1%

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6 The Water Cycle

7 Evaporation – Water changes from liquid to gas

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9 Transpiration – water escapes from plants during photosynthesis
Guard Cells - Stomata

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11 Condensation – Water vapor (gas) changes to liquid - Clouds

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13 Precipitation -When the water in clouds gets too heavy

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15 Run-Off - Water that collects in rivers, streams, and oceans Infiltration – When water seeps in ground

16 Summary: Condensation The Clouds form Transpiration The movement through plants Precipitation The rain falls Evaporation The vapor rises

17 How can water be conserved?
Household Uses…? Agriculture/Industry….? Pollution…? Desalination….?

18 Watersheds & River Basins

19 Watershed Land that drains water to a particular stream, lake, or river.

20 The high land that separates one watershed from the next.
Divide The high land that separates one watershed from the next.

21 River basin The land drained by a river and its tributaries.

22 Tributary – Feeder Streams

23 Other Terms - Meandering

24 Other Terms – Channel Erosion

25 Other Terms – Discharge = Velocity Gradient = How Steep the Slope

26 Other Terms – Water Gap- carved in Mountain Wind Gap- when no more water

27 Stages of a River Youthful – V-shaped valley, few tributaries, little water, lots of waterfalls Mature – Lots of tributaries, starts to meander, Oxbow Lake Old – Few tributaries, lots of meandering

28 Youthful

29 These young streams typically have V-shaped valleys.

30 The rivers tend to move fast in their upstream portions,

31 The young mountain streams tend to have a steep slope or gradient.

32 Mature/Old - Meandering Rivers

33 To view an animation of this process click on this web site.

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35 Mature to Old River – click fast

36 Maximum deposition Maximum erosion

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46 Meander scars Oxbow Lake Oxbow cuttoff

47 Delta- Fan Shaped Deposit
Made in Water Made of Mud Flat land

48 The deposit is formed on land
Alluvial Fans The deposit is formed on land Sand and Gravel Land is Sloped

49 Question – Why would people live in flood-prone areas?
Flooding Causes Spring Floods Deforestation Weather/Flash Floods Solutions Risk Mapping (GIS) Levees/Dams Sandbags Channelization Wetlands Question – Why would people live in flood-prone areas?

50 Anatomy of a Flood Prone Area
Soggy soil Heavy rain Steep slopes Impermeable rock Loss of trees Built up areas Flat flood plain The flood plain is flat land around the river that the river floods naturally when it gets too full. If you live on a river’s flood plain you are at risk of flooding.

51 Ecological evidence of flooding

52 Wetlands Help Protect From Floods

53 1993 Mississippi Flood

54 More Pictures

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58 What’s Wrong With This Picture?

59 Flash Flood

60 Deforestation

61 Risk Mapping

62 Artificial Levees

63 Sand Bags

64 Channelization

65 Flood Risk Simulation

66 Review Questions What is….Evaporation? Precipitation? Condensation? Transpiration? Run-Off? Infiltration? Name 2 ways water can be conserved. What is a…River basin? Divide? Meandering? Name one characteristic of a Youthful River… Mature River… Old River. What is the difference between a Delta and Alluvial Fan? Name some causes of Floods. Describe some solutions to Flooding.

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